Different Classes of Shares and the Benefits and the Disadvantages of Each Type of Shares.

Introduction First, we will mention about the purpose of this assignment, which is the benefit that we can gain from doing this project. From this project, it helps us to know the types of shares available in a company, definition of shares and the advantages and disadvantages of shares. From the information, this will enable a person who have interest invest in a company, purchase the shares that are suitable for them, based on the comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of each type of shares. Other than that, we can know the rights that attached to the shares. On the other hand, we will mention that under what relevant case law or relevant sections, the rights of the shareholders will be changed or affected. These circumstances are significant important to those shareholders who want their interest to be protected. For an example, when a company is going to winding up and under the normal situation, preference shareholders will have no right to participate in the surplus assets and profits but under when Section 66 Companies Act 1965, he has the right on it. Lastly, this project will give a fundamental or basic knowledge of each type of shares, the rights as being shareholders, which is useful in future, if we wish to success in our business field. Definition of shares According to Borlands Trustee v Steel Bros Co Ltd (1901), defines shares as the interest of a shareholder in the company measured by a sum of money, for purpose of a liability in the first place and of interest in the second but also consisting of a series of mutual covenants entered into by all the shareholders inter se. According to Section 4 Companies Act 1965 (hereinafter referred as CA’65) defines share as share in share capital of a corporation and includes stock except where a distinction between stock and shares is expressed or implied. In short, shares means that is the capital raised by a corporation, through the issuance and sale of shares. Section 98 CA’65 mentions the nature of share. The share or other interest of member in a company shall be moveable property, transferable in the manner provided by the articles, and shall not be of the nature of immovable property. It means that shares are movable properties, intangible in nature, chooses in action and transferable in nature unless the company is a private company. As according to Section 15 CA’65 private company has restriction of transferring share unless get the consent of all the members. There are various type of share in the market, such as ordinary share, preference share, deferred share, treasury share and others. However, the common one is ordinary share and preference share. Definition of Ordinary Share According to WorldReference. om Dictionary, ordinary share is share other than preferred share; entitles the owner to a share of the corporation's profits and a share of the voting power in shareholder elections. Definition of Preference Share Section 4 CA’65 defines preference share a share by whatever name called, which does not entitle the holder thereof to the right to vote at a general meeting or to any right to participate beyond a specific amount in any distributio n whether by way of dividend, or on redemption, in a winding up or otherwise. According to WorldReference. com Dictionary, preference share is share whose holders are guaranteed priority in the payment of dividends but whose holders have no voting rights. Benefits of Ordinary Share There are several advantages for subscribing the ordinary shares rather than preference shares. First, as an ordinary shareholder, he is a proprietor or owner of the company. A shareholder is entitled to membership rights of the company. It means that a shareholder as a member of the company has full voting rights at any general meeting. Through voting, a shareholder can participate in the management of the company. If the shareholder holds the majority rights (more than or equal to 51% of the rights) he can control the company financial and operating. Section 55 CA’65 says each member of a public company has one vote in respect of each ordinary share. Besides that, as a member of the company, he has the right to receive the notice of general meeting, to request the financial report, to attend and speak during the general meeting, to appoint the director during the general meeting. Moreover, he has the right to appoint proxies in the event that they cannot themselves attend the general meeting. As an ordinary shareholder, when the company is making a lot of profit, or in other word, in the event the company is prosperous, he stand to gain the most than preference shareholder as their dividend is higher compare to the fixed rate dividend received by preference shareholder. Furthermore, in the scenario of company winding up, an ordinary shareholder has the right to participate a share in any surplus assets of the company plus the repayment of his capital. Besides that, the Articles of Association require the company to offer any further shares it proposes to issue to the ordinary shareholders before offering them to outsiders, and usually the new shares are offered to the existing shareholders at a lower price than they would be offered to the outsiders. Disadvantages of Ordinary Share As a member of the company, ordinary shareholder is the main risk bearer of the company. It means that these shares carry a right to a dividend limited only by the size of the profit made by the company and are paid after the preference shareholders. They will be the last to receive the dividend. The dividend receive is in the form of non-cumulative dividend and the rate of dividend is not fixed, means when company did not declared dividends for this year, the dividends will not accumulated to next year and the amount is not secured. Under Section 365 CA’65, dividends are only payable out of the company’s profit. In the event that there are no profits, they will not receive any return of their investment. In fact, the company has no obligation to declare and pay dividend as the director can retain profits or capitalize the profits in the form of bonus share. However, when the company is making profit continuously for some years but director does not declare any dividend, the shareholders can apply to the court and sue the company under Section 33(1) CA’65 where Memorandum of Association and Article of Association constitute contractual effect between company and members, and where members right are affected, they can sue the company. In the scenario of winding up, ordinary shareholders will be the last to receive the repayment of capital. The next disadvantages of ordinary shares s that the issue of shares may result in diluting the shares held by the existing shareholders particularly directors who also are shareholders. It simply means the directors may lose control of the company unless they buy the new shares. Types of Preference Share There are several types of preference share: Cumulative preference share – If the dividends are cannot be paid in one year or the company does not pay the full dividend on preference shar es in any year the preference shareholder will be entitled to have the amount deficiency made up in later year before any dividend is paid on ordinary shares. Non-cumulative preference shares – the holder of such shares are only entitled to the specific rate of dividend out of the current year. If in a year the profits do not warrant payment of a dividend, the arrears are not carried forward to the subsequent year. Participating preference shares – the holders of such shares are entitled to a preferential dividend if the specified fixed rate before the ordinary shareholders. After the ordinary shareholder has received their dividends, the participating preference shareholder will participate further in any profit remaining together with the ordinary shareholders in the surplus assets. Moreover, they can also participate in surplus of assets with ordinary shareholders when the company is wound up. Redeemable preference shares – these shares may be redeemed by the company at a stated redemption price after a specified time. The redemption must be effected only on such terms and condition and in such manner provided by the Articles of Association. It means that the shares are not redeemable before the specific time and the company must buy back the shares at the price stated and at the specific time. Convertible preference shares – these shares carry the right to be made convertible, at the option of the holder, into another class of shares, normally into ordinary shares. General Advantages of Preference Shares Unless the Articles of Association or otherwise provided, generally, preference shares that are issued had the rights to a fixed dividend per share to be paid whenever there is sufficient profit, before any dividend is paid to any other member. The preference shareholders are more secured as ompare to ordinary shareholder as they have the priority to receive their return of investment than ordinary shareholder especially when the company is having ‘bad time’ where the profits is uncertain. Moreover, preference shares are presumed to carry a right to cumulative dividends where their dividends will become payable at the next year. Further more, preference shares are given the right to be repaid the nominal value of each share when the company is wound up before any capital is returned to other members. They are entitled to be repaid their capital of investment before the ordinary shareholders. General Disadvantages of Preference Shares Unless the Articles of Association or otherwise provided, generally, preference share does not entitle the holder to the rights to vote at a general meeting. Their voting rights to are often limited only during their dividends in respect of the share are in arrears, upon a proposal that affects rights attached to the share (variation of class rights), or upon a proposal to wind up the company. In short, they have limited right to vote, no right to attend general meeting, limited right to some of the company decision making. Thus, when a company is going to raise fund, they are willing to issue further preference share rather than ordinary share because of the limited voting rights. Even though directors issued more preference share to the stranger (public), they still maintained their majority voting and financial control of the company. Therefore, preference share are the best alternative for the directors of the company. The next disadvantage is they have no rights to participate beyond a specified amount in any distribution whether by way of dividend, or on redemption, in a winding up or otherwise. Different from the ordinary share, preference share is paid in a fixed dividend rate. They cannot participate in the surplus of profit or assets during the company are wound up. Thus, they have less return of investment especially during the company prosperous time. Rights of Holders of Preference Shares to be set out in the Memorandum of Association or Articles of Association Section 66(1) Companies Act 1965 mention no company shall allot any preference shares or convert any issued shares into preference share unless there is set out in its memorandum or articles the rights of the holders of those share with respect to: Repayment of capital – it should state that when the company is winding up, they would have the right to claim the nominal value of each share before any capital is returned to ordinary shareholder. Participation in surplus assets and profits – it should state that when the company is winding up and there is surplus of assets and profits, the preference shareholders entitled to have a share of it with the ordinary shareholders. Cumulative or non-cumulative dividends – it should state that the preference shareholders would receive either cumulative dividend as according to general rules or non-cumulative dividends as same as ordinary shareholders. Voting – it should state that either the preference shareholders would have the rights to vote in meeting or not. Priority of payment of capital and dividend in relation to other shares or other classes of preference shares – it should state that either the preference shareholders or ordinary shareholder have the priority to the issued or payment of capital or dividends or both of have the same priority? The purpose for such requirement is to enable the prospective and existing preferential shareholders to ascertain easily the rights attached to their shares. Section 66(2) CA’65 mention if default is made in complying with this section the company and every officer of the company who is in default shall be guilty of an offence against this Act. Penalty: Two thousand ringgit CONCLUSION Our assignment topic is â€Å"explain the different classes of shares and the benefits and disadvantages of each type of shares. † In our presentation, we had discussed about the different classes of share that is – ordinary shares and preference shares. We had explained about the definition of ordinary share and preference share and their characteristics. Beside that, we also discuss about the benefits and disadvantages of them. In our opinion, both of them got their advantages and disadvantages. When company is decide whether to issue ordinary shares or preference shares are depending on the situation. If the director wishes to maintain the control over the company then they should issued preferences shares to raised capital rather than issuing ordinary shares. However, the company also needs to consider the ability of paying back the interest and capital if issued the preference shares as they deem as external creditors that have the priority of repayment of capital than ordinary shareholders.

High school student drop out Essay

The increasingly high rate of school dropout is worrying all the stakeholders in the education sector including parents, teachers and the government. This is because these people are aware of the challenges that will face students who drop out of school. Although leaders have called on communities, families and schools to make efforts to ensure that students remain at school, the rate at which the students drop out of school is still high. It is therefore important that we analyze the problem with a view of understanding it better, so that we may know how to resolve it once and for all. see more:research paper about tardiness The number of students who complete school in the US has been steadily declining over the years. In fact, over the last decades, this figure has only increased in seven states. In ten states, the percentage of students who did not complete school was 8% or higher, which reflects a disturbing trend. US is currently ranked tenth among the countries in the world which have the highest school completion rates. When a country that is considered to be the superpower is ranked tenth on school completion rates, this shows that there is a major underlying problem. Factors that contribute to the high school student drop out rate. Family cohesion and background. This is one of the major reasons why students drop out of school. Students who come from families where there is violence, abusive homes or poor parental relations have higher chances of dropping out of school, compared to those who come from stable homes. This is due to the fact that such children are more likely to have stress and depression because of the problems that they have. They are also likely to start abusing drugs at an early age, which may contribute to their dropping out of school. Statistics also show that children who come from single parent families are also more likely to drop out of school than those who have both parents. This situation is linked to low self esteem as well as problems that children who come from single parent families face. Early pregnancy. Early pregnancy is a major challenge for young girls, and is a contributor to their dropping out of school. This situation is compounded by situations where the young girls’ families are not financially stable, or cases where the boy responsible for the pregnancy is either unwilling or unable to support the girl. Many young girls who face this situation usually take breaks to give birth, but fail to return to school due to various reasons. The girls who are not financially well off are forced to drop out of school to take care of their children, while others fear going back to school due to stigmatization. School violence. This is a factor that is increasingly contributing to the dropping out of school by students. School violence has increased in the recent past, and takes various forms. It might take the form of serious security breaches that involve use of deadly weapons, like was witnessed in the 1999 Columbine high school massacre (Rosenberg 2008). It may also take the form of bullying and harassment of students by fellow classmates. Both these forms of violence have the potential to create fear to actual victims, and may discourage them from attending school. In these cases, there is genuine fear for their lives and they may drop out of school. Employment. Poverty or general unemployment of members of the family may make students drop out of school. This is because the students may be forced to work in order to support their family. In these cases, the students may not have adequate time to study due to the responsibilities that they have. Employment opportunities may not only be available to the students who are not well off financially. Some students come from financially stable families but look for employment opportunities so that they might save money. These students are also likely to drop out of school since it is difficult to work and study at the same time. Psychological or personal characteristics. There are certain characteristics that students may possess, which may make them drop out of school at an early age. These may be either physical or psychological characteristics. Psychological characteristics may include low self esteem, mental illnesses, depression and stress, among other problems. In case students have these problems and they are either not addressed early enough, or these students lack learning facilities that accommodate their unique needs, they are highly likely to drop out of school. According to Kenneth (35-39), students may also face physical disabilities that hinder the learning process. Such include blindness, deafness or other physical disabilities. If such students also lack facilities that can handle their needs, they are also likely to drop out of school. Substance abuse. According to David and Wayne (4-8), students who engage in substance abuse have very high chances of dropping out of school. Students who abuse alcohol or other hard drugs such as cannabis, heroin, cocaine or other drugs are likely to drop out of school. This is due to the disciplinary problems that they are likely to face in school as well as the fact that such drugs hinder the learning capabilities. Such students are unlikely to perform well in school, and this has the effect of demotivating them. They are also more likely to face stress and depression, and all these factors work to increase their chances of dropping out of school. Perceived loss of value of school diplomas. The modern business environment has become very competitive, and this is attributed to globalization. Success in the modern world is increasingly based on merit and job performance. Employers are nowadays looking for very high academic qualification when recruiting employees. In this regards, high school diplomas are generally perceived to have lost value, and students need to pursue further education so that they might get employment opportunities in this competitive business environment. Some students therefore opt to drop out of school and pursue other interests due to this perception. Such interests include drama, movies, modeling or the music industry. However, what most students are not aware of is that one has to have basic education in order to be successful in these fields. High school education acts as a platform for pursuing further education and building a career. Limited number of counselors. Statistics point to the fact that the average number of students who are served by a single counselor is 500. In high school, the average number of students served by a single counselor is 285. These counsellors have many tasks to accomplish and have very little time to interact with students. According to Jill (311-317), students who are about to drop out of school may therefore not find someone to talk to and get advice regarding the situation. This is also compounded by the fact that most of these students have poor relations with their parents, since teenagers and parents usually have communication problems. Students therefore opt to drop out of school due to lack of advice on the consequences of making this decision. Solutions to these problems. Counseling. Most students may reverse their decision to drop out of school if they are advised on the consequences of making this decision by someone that they trust. In most of these cases, counselors are the best people to advice the students since there are young counsellors who understand the problems that these students go through. The government should ensure that there are enough counselors to serve all students. Sometimes students may be depressed and they only need someone to share their problems with. When they are unable to find someone, they take drastic steps like dropping out of schools. Counselors will advise students that education is very important for success in life. Safety. The government and all education stakeholders should also ensure that the school environment is safe for all people. There should be adequate controls that prevent and deal with security breaches, either involving deadly weapons or bullying. Some problems like bullying may appear to be petty and they are ignored in most academic institutions. However they are serious problems that should not be ignored, since they have high psychological impacts on the victims. When students can feel safe in the school environment, they will look forward to going to school to learn. After all, these students spend most of their time in schools, and once they feel that they are unsafe, they are likely to drop out of school. Family problems. According to Gail (211-216), it is evident that family problems is a major factor that contributes to dropping out of school. It is a very sensitive issue considering that there is a limitation to which strangers may involve themselves in family matters. It is however imperative that problems such as violence and abuse are reported to the authorities, and these will be addressed through the relevant laws. These problems cannot be condoned, since once students are not comfortable in their own homes, it will be difficult for them to concentrate in class and learn. Other family issues such as parental and child conflict should be addressed through dialog, either between the school administration and the individual families, or through counseling by qualified professionals. This dialog will enable the underlying problems to be identified and solved, so that the children may stay in school. Early pregnancy. This problem is best solved by preventing the issue, rather than addressing it after it has occurred. The young people should be told about the consequences of early sex, especially unsafe sex. These students should be made to understand that in addition to the risk of pregnancy, there is also a risk of contracting STIs such as HIV/AIDS. However, one a girl becomes pregnant, she should be allowed to stay in school until the time to give birth, after which she is given a break. She should resume school after giving birth, as this is very important. Counselors and parents should play a crucial role in guiding girls who are undergoing this experience. The government should also set up funds to help girls who are pregnant and do not have the resources to take care of the baby, and go back to school. Facilities for the handicapped. The government has a crucial role of ensuring that there are learning facilities that will take care of the needs of students who face either physical or mental disabilities. There should also be enough teachers who have been trained on how to take care of the needs of these students. This will ensure that these students learn just like their peers, and that they have equal opportunities in life. Value of diplomas. The stakeholders in the educational sector have a crucial role to play in publicizing the value of the high school diplomas. There should be regular talks between these stakeholders and the students regarding the issue. Students should be made to understand that although the modern world has become very competitive, it is imperative that they obtain at least the high school diploma. The reason is that the diploma acts as a platform in acquiring further employment opportunities and joining a profession. Employment. The government should enforce the laws that bar the employment of young people who are below the legal age. It should also hold regular forums with employers regarding employment of young people with a view of regulating the hours that they work. The employers should also be made to insist that young employees pursue education, since this will be the platform for promotions and advancement in the careers. This will enable that the young people who work have enough time to study. Conclusion and recommendation. The stakeholders in the education sector should join hands in ensuring the the drop out rate drastically reduces, and that each child knows the value of education. The solutions to the problems that have been discussed above should be implemented, so that this objective may be achieved. Above all, students should be made to understand that the high school diploma is a platform for opportunities in life.

A Universal Definition Of Terrorism Essay -- Terrorism, Definition of te

The U.N description of terrorism as â€Å"any action, in addition to actions already specified by the existing conventions on aspects of terrorism, the Geneva Conventions and Security Council resolution 1566 (2004), that is intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants, when the purpose of such an act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a Government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act† (U.N). The U.K recommendation for the definition in 1996 by Lord Lloyd of Berwick states â€Å"The use of serious of violence against persons or property, or threat to use such violence, to intimidate or coerce a government, the public or any section of the public, in order to promote political, social or ideological objectives†(). It is important to point that the starting point of the definition of terrorism was created in 1989, reviewed in 1996, 2000 and 2006. The current definition of terrorism would be found in Section 1, Terrorism Act 2000, and it’s the least broad and vague definition of terrorism. To indicate and justify the components for a strodefine terrorism. 80% of countries worldwide have a broad definition of terrorism and the ones that do have a solid definition of terrorism like U.K could be identified as almost borderline invading human rights. MY DEFINITION OF TERRORISM WOULD BE ANY ACT OF VIOLENCE BY A GROUP OR INDIVIDUAL VIOLATING DOMESTIC OR INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT LAWS, TO IMPOSE ITS WILL ON ANY PERSON, COMMUNITY OR ANY DOMESTIC OR INTERNANTIONAL GOVERNMENT FOR POLITICAL, PERSONAL OR RELIGIONS GAIN. My opinions on this matter are that of mine and mine only, and have no connection to that of the U.S Government. Wish everyone had a good week and Happy Fathers Day to every dad out there. This week been a different week, spent whole week PCSing back to the states. I totally forgot how much work and planning goes into moving. Hope to be able to post on time from now, have a great day everyone.

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Final - Essay Example The company is a house hold name in beverage production and has since got many acquisitions of juices from several countries. The company also has a wide range of industries that use its trademark or is licensed by coca cola. The Company was set up to oppose the initiatives of the citizens about production of beverages Discussion Coca cola and its Mission The company has its mission, vision and values that form a strategy network for them to deliver quality products to its consumers. Its vision is to become the best and undisputed leader in every market in which the company competes. Its mission is to refresh, partner with its customers, enrich and uplift the lives of the local communities and reward its various stakeholders. The company holds values that propel it towards its future success which include; winning its customers, power of working together, caring, investing and empowering its people, learning, excellence and authenticity. The company is headed by Muhtar Kent who is th e chairman and chief executive officer. There are several other directors who head the company branches in several countries. The company has its own challenges that it has to rectify so that it can be successful. This includes health effects that could be caused by its products since it has a lot of calories and causes acidity and tooth decay. Use of contaminated waters in making of the coke and amount of water needed makes the aquifers dry hence posing serious environmental problems. The company has also been accused of bribery cases to dentists. The company also has opportunities of opening up new franchises in different countries as a trusted global leader in beverage production. Its strengths lies in its ability to integrate small juice companies and make them part of their acquisitions. The company boasts of 146,200 employees who are spread out across the world. The company has many directors across the world that is headed by an overall chairman. The company also has a board of governors that coordinate all the functions that take place within and outside the company. They also pass information and decisions from the board to the directors across the world (Ulrich, 34). Recruiting and staffing Staffing needs in the coca cola company are established by having a personal relations officer in each branch to whom complaints are given. An individual or group of persons with any complaint forwards their problems to this officer, who then forwards it to the managers and director or head of the branch. These problems are then forwarded to the board that discusses and comes up with solutions. The company also has an employee website where employees log in with their work numbers. This site provides an opportunity for all the staffs and executives to interact and air their views openly, which will be discussed in the board and solutions made (Mayo, 74). The company does a job analysis of its workers and new employees once every two years. New employees are recrui ted through rigorous interviews that are done to eligible applicants. The interviews contain important elements such as group exercises, psychometric tests, situational exercises and presentations that take various forms. Interviews are posted on the company’s website which can be accessed by all members of the public so that the affair may not be deemed biased. Interviews are done by the board of governing members or directors in the specific countries. The

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Domestic Violence Outline Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Argument against Tax Bailouts - Essay Example Advantages to be discussed are: bailouts are needed to ensure that big corporations whose collapse will impact several industries can survive; bailouts are a necessary economic stimulant to jump-start the shaky economy; Bailouts are essentially government loans which the corporation receiving must pay back hence, the money will be returned; Disadvantages to be discussed are: bailouts use taxpayer money, which diverts much needed funding from other government programs and institutions; bailouts are band-aid solutions as they deal with the symptoms, not the main problems and do not always work; bailouts are against the free market principals and promote an environment where big corporations can take reckless risk knowing the government will pull them out. Despite the perceived advantages, tax bailouts are a major cost to tax payers and should not be used as a solution to prevent corporations who have placed themselves in difficult positions through mismanagement. As of July 24, 2011, t he United States government has handed out tax bailouts totaling well over $2.5 trillion with a commitment to provide further support of $12.2 trillion (The New York Times). These funds can be directed to improve the government’s social services and infrastructure. However, large corporations, who are at the brink bankruptcy due to mismanagement and high risk taking, will end up receiving these funds. However, some would argue that these bailouts are necessity in order to prevent limit the ripple effect from the collapse of big corporation. Bailouts are needed to ensure that big corporations whose collapse will impact several industries can survive. These too big to fail corporations, if they were to collapse the, system would not be able to hold up against such a significant jump in unemployment numbers. Given the cross-functional nature of corporations today, the impact would have been felt in other industries; job losses would mean a drop in consumer spending, which would impact the retail industry (as an example) and so on. In order to prevent such a ripple effect, bailouts are necessary. Bailouts are a necessary economic stimulant to jump-start the shaky economy. By implementing a bailout, government can prevent loss of jobs, which means that consumers will continue to have disposable income to spend. This will boost the industries that manufacture the goods and services thus stimulating the economy and keep it steady. Consumers without any source that provides them with disposable income, example jobs, will hold back the spending. This will cause lower retail expenditures thus resulting in slow economic growth, which can lead to a recession. Thus, to prevent such dangerous movements, the bailout is required. Bailouts are essentially government loans, which the corporation receiving must pay back hence, the money will be returned. The government has the upper hand in dictating the conditions upon which the bailout is issued. In the case of the auto makers, governments, in exchange for the bailout, received an ownership stake in the company, for example General Motors, thus will receive dividends and interest once GM starts generating revenue. Part of the deal with the big corporations is that the bailout money has to be returned once the crisis has been averted and

Analyzing the american beauty movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing the american beauty movie - Essay Example American Beauty Film Several symbols have been used in the movie ‘American Beauty’; the screenwriter utilizes color red throughout the film. For instance the first appearance of Annette Bening, reveals her love for roses where she’s shown cutting red roses. Allan Ball the script writer uses color red in this movie to represent the concept of life force. The concept is used symbolically since by nature, it responds towards defying revealing nature of suppressive sub-urban life. This can be seen of first appearance of Annette Bening, where she’s cutting red roses. The activity is symbolic of cutting life force after which she reveals her emotional and spiritual control, during painfully stilted family dinner. The music background used in the scene where rose petals are seen floating everywhere assist in the creation of mood on the fact that the scenes are dream sequences, hence fantasy involved. However, American dream is represented through beautiful roses a s well as luxurious furniture. Lighting variations utilized is considered excellent, since there are no sign of major distractions from actions or conversations within various scenes. Green and somber soft light is utilized in the scene where Ricky’s father beat him up on the face. Afterwards, Ricky is seen wiping blood from his face with reflection through the mirror (â€Å"American Beauty†). ... On the issue of life force, Kevin Spacey is revealed as incapable of repressing sex as part of his sub-urban life force. This is revealed through his fantasies, where the object of his lust, Mena Suvari, is shown floating on bed of red rose petals, and in some instances soaking in tub covered with roses. In "visual pleasure and narrative cinema" Laura Mulvey presents interesting facts regarding sexual imagery on both men and women. A good example is on page 837 under the header, â€Å"Woman as Image, Man as Bearer of the Look†, where the concept as represented on this film is achieved. Elaboration on this aspect is found on the final encounter between Kevin Spacey and Mena Suvari where they are almost involved in sexual encounter; there is vase of red roses shown. Further, Mulvey uses a critic’s opinion of women in cinema through summary on the facts, ‘women only matter in film because of what they mean to the hero i.e. the man’ (Mulvey 837). On the same no te, Peter Gallagher depicts Annette Bening’s pent-up sexuality through bus stop posters having red background. Spacey uses red for the purposes of depicting rebellion based on individuality representing uncivilized impulse. The hot-rod of Spacey’s boyhood dreams is also represented by bright red color. Red is further used by Chris Cooper, the psycho ex-Marine to represent sexuality and assertion of individuality, the event on kissing between her and Kevin Spacey is crowned by bright red car in the background. Assertion of individual’s uniqueness in this film is represented in numerous ways making only few overcome the quest for freedom from control (â€Å"American Beauty†). Red is used as symbol of individualism

World war 2 in Europe Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World war 2 in Europe - Annotated Bibliography Example The countries that suffered during the First World War namely Austria and Germany wanted to level the scores with their arch rivals (Dowswell). The reasons of world war two can be investigated in terms of the economic aspects, and the political aspects. The nations that were defeated in the First war of the Century were growing tired of the indemnities while others felt the jolts of Great depression that had originated from the United States. This resulted in sense of uneasiness and discomfort amongst the nations (Gordon). The war was being fought amongst the Allies and Axis. The Axis constituted the Germany, Japan and Italy. These three forces were enjoying considerable strength and power and aimed at oppressing the others. While the Allies on other front had a larger bench than the Axis and the main players in the league included United Kingdom, The former Soviet Union ( modern day Russia), France and the United States who tried to keep itself neutral, though it was pushed into it due to the grave nature of the entire war(Dickson). An important proceeding on this behalf was the internal build up of German nation in form of Adolf Hitler and his affiliated part Nazi that came into power in the third decade of 20th century (McDonough). Along with few other policies, the prime policy included revenge on behalf of the German nation that was brought upon them in the First World War. The war and ambitions were based more on unethical grounds and were strongly repugnant to the morality. His motto was the elimination of the Jews from the surface of Earth and considered the German nation to be superior to others. The handicapped and the Trans genders were direct victims of this mass concept of elimination (Aronson). Italian head Mussolini joined hands with Hitler in bid to strengthen his nation and economy in form of invasion and unrest in other parts of the world. Though the war officially started with Invasion of Poland, yet certain small incidents and events

Simple Gift Essay Example for Free

Simple Gift Essay The novel ‘the simple gift’ is written by Steven Herrick. He describes three main characters in this book. This book is about one 16 year old boy called Billy, he run away from his house and meets other main characters, Old Bill and Caitlin. Each of there characters received a gifts. Billy is a 16 year old boy. In Billy’s life his father is an alcoholic and is very mean to him. Billy always wants someone who looks after him and then he can learn how to care. This became true when he runs away from his father and meets Old Bill. Old Bill is like a loving father figure to him. So he considered the friendship with Old Bill as a gift. When he stays in the carriage he felt that this is the home for him and Old Bill is his only family. Old Bill is an alcoholic man. He lost his wife and his daughter Jessie. Which makes him a hopeless man and he started drinking to getaway for the suffering (pg.95~98)†I lifted the glass and downed it in tone ignorant gulp and I called for another as all thoughts of truth and beauty washed from my mind†. Old Bill lives in a carriage. Even though he has his own house with a big backyard but he still doesn’t want to live in the house with no one else but himself living in it, with no one else care about him, even himself. This has changed when he met Billy. Every morning Billy brought him breakfast with a bowl of milk and Weet-Bix (pg.76)† Every morning that kid has woken me with Weet-Bix.†, spent time talking with him, and Billy also tried to stop him from drinking heavily. (pg.77, 136)† This kid’s going to turn me into a health. He brought out the ginger beer I swore and laughed.† Caitlin is nearly 18 year old. She works at McDonald’s as a part time hob, to get out of her house (pg.36~37)†I can leave home and that’s why I work at McDonald’s and mop floors.† She’s rich, she had everything she wants but she needs a lover (pg.88)† I know what I really need and it’s not in my bedroom. And it’s not able to be bought in any damn store†. She wants to have a good time with someone she likes. When she met Billy, she had a romantic love experience. They shared food with each other and when she had a lover, her life was perfect (pg.135)†what can I say, it was like stepping into heaven, no less than perfect†. Steven Herrick describes three main characters. Characters offered each other gifts and their gifts had changed each other’s future and are making their life perfect.

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Globalization – a process of integration among countries is taking place as a new trend of the world. The cooperation among individuals and groups bring back many chances as well as challenges in different fields. As students in the era of integration, it is possible for us to realize both sides of this trend. First of all, it can not be denied that students can get many advantages from globalization. Thanks to the cooperation in education, different countries share new technology that support teaching and learning with each other. Students are the objectives who can get benefits from it. They are allowed to explore new sources of knowledge through Internet and other education material such as video conferencing, tape recordings, etc. Therefore, they find that studying is not very difficult as they think, even it is more interesting. Besides, globalization promises them a much brighter future. Students have more chances to get access to new skills, for instance, presentation skill, skill to work with a team, and so on, which are very invaluable for their future career. In addition, the interaction among countries creates a huge market with a plenty of choices of jobs. Thus, the graduates have more options to choose which job is the best and the most suitable for them. Go along with many advantages, students still have to face up with other difficulties. As being mentioned above, modern method of teaching and learning are big advantages for students but they may become obstacles when they are not very suitable and it must take a very long time to get familiar. For example, in many Asian countries, among which has Viet Nam, the feature of education is teacher – centered. When this changes into learner – centered which requires much of individuals’ responsibilities. At first, students who used to depend much on their teachers get shocked and fell it difficult to study with this new method. It may be a problem. What’s more, financial problem is another one. Under the impact of globalization, there has been a trend for the budge for education to be reduced. Government has to spend money on different areas so they do not pay as much attention  as before. As a result, the financial burden is placed on students’ shoulders and their families. In conclusion, globalization as well as other phenomenon has both sides: good and bad. All the impact of this has effects on students. Students get many advantages but also disadvantages. They should be aware of this problem carefully so that they can turn challenges into chances which will support their studying as well as their future.

Development of Radio in Africa

Development of Radio in Africa Melissa Paddock Topic: The development of radio in African countries, including South Africa In this academic assignment I will be describing the historical background and development of radio in Africa as well as in South Africa. I will also provide information about the present situation of radio today in Africa and South Africa. Radio was first broadcasted in South Africa in 1924. There has been three different phases that have occurred since the development of radio in Africa and South Africa. The first phase is the historical beginning of radio on the African continent. These were the first stages of development which would lead radio to become a mass media in the future. Radio was started in Africa when the European, British, Belgium, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Italian settlers arrived on the African continent and started to take control of the different countries. This was known as the Colonial period. These settlers started radio broadcasting to fulfil their own personal needs and interests. Only at a much later stage did the colonisers introduce radio services for the local and indigenous people of Africa. (http://www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf; accessed on 27 February 2014) The second phase in radio broadcasting now started with the development of the radio in South Africa and Africa after the colonial period. â€Å"The domestic broadcasting systems of all European powers were at this time stare (not government necessarily) monopolies such as the British independent public service model of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) or the French government radio stations. The Portuguese permitted some private broadcasting by colonial settlers in their colonies, but the main picture was one of national state monopolies† (http://www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf; accessed on 27 February 2014). Some of the first broadcasts on the African continent took place in South Africa. In Johannesburg (the Association of Scientific and Technical Services), Durban (Durban Corporation) and Cape Town (the Cape Peninsula Publicity Association), the radio stations were given licences to broadcast. These three radio stations started their broadcasting in 1924 but very soon after their establishment they all found themselves in debt. This is when the government decided that a commercial option would not provide the service that they required and wanted. In 1927 a man named I.W.Schlesinger, an insurance entrepreneur that purchased the three failing radio stations, decided to connect the three stations together into one network and called it the African Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). But in 1929 the ABC fall into a shortfall situation owing to several implications such as poor landline connections, high costs of programme production and because of the difficulty enforcing the licence payments . The ABC eventually reversed its financial position and within a couple years they were able to carry out capital improvements, this was all because of the schemes that that had implemented. The main audience at this stage were elite English speaking people. Most of the radio’s shows were broadcasted in English, which showed the development of the inequality of the languages used in broadcasting. Afrikaans was domination in the rural areas. In 1931, the ABC then changed its policies as they introduced a 30minute segment done in Afrikaans, and then in 1936 they had changed the 30minute segment to a 90minute one. There was no broadcasting done in any African language. John Reith, Director General of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), was invited to South Africa in 1934 where he recommended a new form of broadcasting for the country. (Teer-Tomaselli de Villiers 2014: 153 154) In 1936 The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) was established. Very soon after the establishment of the SABC, they began to move away from the structure and way of broadcasting that was done by the BBC. There were issues with the unequal use of different languages. In June 1938 the first broadcast quality carrier link was set up between Grahamstown and Johannesburg. In 1939 a short wave receiving station was established near Panorama outside Pretoria. The main issue with the radio broadcasting was that there was dominantly English being spoken and only in 1939 did the radio start to bring in Afrikaans. The radio never catered for the black native people as there was no mention of African languages during broadcasting. In 1948 the National Party came into power in South Africa and they and the Afrikaner Broederbond acquired more domination in broadcasting. In 1950 the SABC introduced their first commercial radio station known as Springbok Radio. Springbok Radio’s pr ogramming was aimed at the white English speaking people. Only after 1943 did they start broadcasting their programmes in Afrikaans as well. It was only in the 1960’s that they started broadcasting in African languages to cater for the black native people who listened to the radio. This was when Radio Bantu was developed during the Apartheid era, this allowed the black people to keep up to date with the political issues in South Africa. The radio stations now started to use VHF (Very High Frequency) and FM signals and networks. There was now an establishment of many African languages used in the broadcasting of programmes and music on the radio. From 1980 till 1984 there was the introduction of independent commercial radio stations such as Capital Radio, Radio 702 and Radio5. At the beginning of 1996 there were 22 radio stations in South Africa, out of those 22 stations 11 of them were broadcasted in the official African languages. Some new radio stations that were introduced were SAfm, KFM and Radio Lotus. This was the development of radio broadcasting in South Africa. (Teer-Tomaselli de Villiers 2014: 160 162) Radio development in the rest of Africa happened as follows: â€Å"in 1927 in Kenya, in 1932 in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in 1933 in Mozambique, and in 1935 in the French Congo. The earliest radio in British West Africa was not broadcast by wireless transmission but via wired services-subscribers had loudspeakers installed in their homes to receive the service. This was how broadcasting began in Siena Leone in 1934, Gold Coast (now Ghana) in 1935, and Nigeria in 1936. Unlike the wireless services in Britains other colonies, these were created with native African listeners in mind. Then in 1936 the British colonial administration decided to develop radio broadcasting throughout its African colonies as a public service for native people. In Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), World War II provided an incentive with major consequences for the development of radio in that territory. A small radio station was established principally with the objective of carrying news (in African lan guages) of the wars progress to the Families of Soldiers fighting with the British forces in Africa and Asia. Radio also developed rapidly in other parts of Africa due to the war† ((http://www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf; accessed on 27 February 2014).). These radio stations after the war were now focused on educating, informing and entertaining the African listeners. These radio stations had very little independence as the government had strict control over them, only from the 1960’s and onwards did they start gaining their independence. These radio services relied on shortwave connections to be able to reach distant places. The situation of radio today is still very important. Most people in Africa and South Africa have access to a radio where they can be constantly updated, informed and entertained 24/7. Radio has played as a major nation building feature in Africa. Direct broadcasting by satellite was started in the early 21st century. Radio is still a dominant mass medium throughout the African continent. Every country in Africa has at least one radio station. Radio’s now days are more technologically advanced and have much better network signals that allow for longer distance connectivity to that radio station. We can now even listen to the radio on our phones which allows for mobile and portable connectivity. More and more people now have access to radios as they are inexpensive. People in the rural areas now have access to radios which allows them to be kept informed by the news every day. Radios are an important feature in people’s everyday lives. Everyday new inventions and creativ e innovations are being formed in order to keep continuously developing the radio into an advanced electronic mass medium. To conclude, radio was first developed to satisfy the needs, wants and desires of the settlers that colonised the African continent. It went through a stage of racial discrimination where no African language was used, as well as minimal usage of the Afrikaans language, in the broadcasting of the radio channel. Later when languages became equal and more channels were developed in order to accompany for all races, cultures and languages. Eventually radio had been developed throughout the African continent and most people had easy access to it. Now the radio is used to inform, educate and entertain its viewers. Radio is now one of the most important forms of mass media because every person has access or owns a radio. Radio will forever live on and will never stop developing. References Mytton, G. Date unknown. A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa. http://www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf; accessed on 27 February 2014. Teer-Tomaselli, R. de Villiers, C. 2014. Radio: Theatre of the Mind.

Archimedes :: essays research papers

Archimedes (287-212 BC), preeminent Greek mathematician and inventor, who wrote important works on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics. Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, and educated in Alexandria, Egypt. In pure mathematics he anticipated many of the discoveries of modern science, such as the integral calculus, through his studies of the areas and volumes of curved solid figures and the areas of plane figures. He also proved that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds the volume of a cylinder that circumscribes the sphere. In mechanics, Archimedes defined the principle of the lever and is credited with inventing the compound pulley. During his stay in Egypt he invented the hydraulic screw for raising water from a lower to a higher level. He is best known for discovering the law of hydrostatics, often called Archimedes' principle, which states that a body immersed in fluid loses weight equal to the weight of the amount of fluid it displaces. This discovery is said to have been made as Archimedes stepped into his bath and perceived the displaced water overflowing, and after viewing that had ran outside into the streets naked screaming "Eureka!(I found it!)" Archimedes spent the major part of his life in Sicily, in and around Syracuse. He did not hold any public office but devoted his entire lifetime to research and experiment. During the Roman conquest of Sicily, however, he placed his gifts at the disposal of the state, and several of his mechanical devices were employed in the defense of Syracuse. Among the war machines attributed to him are the catapult and-perhaps legendary-a mirror system for focusing the sun's rays on the invaders' boats and igniting them. After the capture of Syracuse during the Second Punic War, Archimedes was killed by a

Meeting Mila :: Children Personal Narrative Friendship Essays

Meeting Mila Children used to annoy me. They cried. They pooped. They cried some more. They yelled obvious questions at the movies, screamed constantly in the grocery store, and seemed to have an affinity for yelling out facts that the general public did not need to know (such as when in a department store, Bobby informs the sales clerk, "MOMMY SAYS MY BROTHER BILLY WAS AN ACCIDENT!") Furthermore, I had no idea how to deal with children. I was the youngest sibling in my family, and unlike most girls my age, I had never been a babysitter. All of that would change, however, when I met Mila. She would show me just how intelligent, honest, and wonderful children can be. It was around Valentine's Day when I met a strange and interesting young man named Jack. He was a writer, chain smoker, and lover of all cartoons -- especially those involving giant fighting robots. I was going to Topeka West High School, he was a freshman at Washburn University and despite our age difference, we clicked. He told me when we first met that he had a little girl, that her name was Mila, and that she was two years old. I like to think that the fact he had a child didn't freak me out, but it did. As a sixteen year old, I was too young to have to deal with a kid. Also, I was convinced that I didn't have the time or patience to spend time with both Jack and his daughter. Mila had a squinty-eyed smile that could lighten up my foulest mood. Her eyes were like a prized Husky's, a beautiful, piercing ice blue--just like her father's. Her hair was so blond, it was white. It amazed me (and still does) that so much beauty could be bundled into such a small package. I noticed right away that she also had his ears--they stuck out from the sides of her head just like his, but hers were more feminine, with earrings adorning her tiny lobes. At first, she was shy around me. (Of course, back then, she hadn't mastered opening doors yet, and oh, how that's changed!) But over the weekends she spent at Jack's house, I became "Her Sara." She started becoming more comfortable around me when I began driving Jack to Lawrence to pick her up and then driving back with her in tow.

i hate fish sticks :: essays research papers

i hate fish sticks cuz there not real fish they are some weird shit. Yo, what’s up little pup. : You schmendrick, it’s not that hard to replace a muffler. Ooo, there is a problem with your catalytic converter. Use that Alpo can and some hose clamps damn it. : No, you ass you’ll eviscerate your self, choke up on the knife, turn it around and hold the blade like†¦ give it to me, like this. : How about your mom, no, how about we build that model with those bottle rockets. : Why the hell can’t you read a fuckin map! It is there! Shut up crack head. Oh, your right it isn’t there. Crap. Let’s just take i295. : I hate it when people speed up and slow down & speed up and slow down! Why does on one know how to drive? : let’s race. Junior mints, when you leave them near your heater, they get nice and gooey, that way when you throw them out the sun roof at oncoming cars they splat like the nastiest bug you have ever seen, and for a bird effect use the fifty cent fruit pies at night. ; their gonna be confused when they open they’re mail box and find all that KFC, or when in Canada PFK. ; Dude, that guy was holding poop in one hand and his pooch in the other with a really content expression on his face!? : You can pick your friends and you can pick your nose but you cant pick your friends nose. : What’s the difference between a truck load of bowling balls and a truck load of dead babies? You can unload one with a pitchfork. : Oh my, look at that chick in the car in front of us, she is going nuts. Way too much crack aye kid. Dude, she made my day. ; old guy! :That’s an awfully large green lady with some pretty bright head lights. She kinda van shaped. Oops he was just a mail box. ; Yes I have n ot herd Duran Duran since the 80’s. This tares! You ate my cheetos didn’t you! You ate my cheetos didn’t you! toast your fingers they orange! You ate my cheetos didn’t you! They orange toast, they orange. Iiow punch yu in da moouf, yu gonna bleed on your sewf and ouders. I’m comin after you.

Go out for dinner

When people ask to go out and have coffee, it does not only mean to drink coffee. It has more meaning of to socialize, rather than to get rid off of the thirst they have. This can also be seen when people ask to have dinner. When people finish their work or classes, they feel relief and want to enjoy their free time. A lot of the times, people finish their work in the evening and they try to socialize by asking to have dinner.Although some people can not drink alcohol or do not Like to go to bar or pub, hen asking to have dinner can be used for anyone to socialize. To have dinner together, people have be hungry. Asking to have dinner can be a chance to not only have dinner together, but also spend time until they become hungry. For example, If people want to have dinner together but they are Just a little hungry, they can hangout; for example, go out to watch a movie until they feel hunger. Moreover, If they want to talk more after dinner, they can go drink.Then having dinner means n ot only to eat food together, but also to spend time from the evening to the night. However, when a person tries to ask other sex for dinner, â€Å"having dinner,† there comes up another meaning of the term. When a man asks a woman to go lunch, she should not be anxious about her appearance very much, but when he asks her to go out for dinner, she should. When a man and a woman have dinner have special meaning. It means eating delicious food with formal appearance and appropriate manner.That a man asks a woman to have dinner implies he thinks she is special and wants to make romantic mood among them. Men ask women to have dinner especially when men try to tell a declaration of love, celebrate their special day, or to propose to women. Then in a relationship between men and women, having dinner together means to arrange special time or day. As I stated in this paper, there are two main usage in term, â€Å"having dinner. † It is granted as socializing term widely and ma ny people have dinner with others to socialize.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 98-101

CHAPTER 98Robert Langdon regained consciousness with a incapacitating judgmentache.Where am I?Wherever he was, it was dark. Deep-cave dark, and deathly silent.He was lying on his underpin with his acc forther ments at his side. Confused, he time-tested moving his fingers and toes, relieved to reveal they moved freely with no annoying. What happened? With the expulsion of his spikeache and the profound darkness, everything seemed more or less normal.Almost everything.Langdon realized he was lying on a arduous history that mat unusu everyy smooth, standardised a sheet of glass. Stranger suave, he could chance that the slick sur portray was in direct contact with his bare embodiment . . . shoulders, defend, entirelytocks, thighs, calves. Am I naked? Puzzled, he ran his hands everywhere his dead body. Jesus Where the crazy house are my clothes?In the darkness, the cobwebs began to lift, and Langdon precept flashes of memory . . . frigh ecstasying snapshots . . . a f allen CIA agent . . . the face of a tattooed puppet . . . Langdons head smashing into the history. The watchs came faster . . . and in a flash he recalled the sickening image of Katherine Solomon indentured and gagged on the dining-room floor.My GodLangdon sit peck bolt up regenerate, and as he did, his brow smashed into roundthing suspended only inches in a higher place him. Pain exploded finished and through his skull and he fell back, teetering near unconsciousness. Groggy, he reached up with his hands, groping in the darkness to make the obstacle. What he found make no sense to him. It seemed this rooms ceiling was less than a foot preceding(prenominal) him. What in the public? As he spread his arms to his sides in an attempt to roll over, both(prenominal) of his hands hit sidewalls.The truth promptly dawned on him. Robert Langdon was non in a room at all.Im in a boxIn the darkness of his clear, coffin alike(p) container, Langdon began pound sign wildly with his fist. He shouted over and over for help. The terror that gripped him crypticalened with each loss irregular until it was intolerable.I take up been interred alive.The lid of Langdons strange coffin refused to budge, horizontal with the full force of his arms and legs get-up-and-go upward in wild scare. The box, from all he could tell, was do of heavy fiberglass. Airtight. Soundproof. exoneratedproof. Escape-proof.I am going to suffocate unsocial in this box.He thought of the occult well into which he had fallen as a young boy, and of the terrifying night he spent treading weewee only when in the darkness of a arseholeless pit. That trauma had scarred Langdons psyche, burdening him with an overwhelming phobia of enclosed situations.Tonight, buried alive, Robert Langdon was animation his last nightmare.Katherine Solomon trembled in silence on the floor of Malakhs dining room. The sharp wire well-nigh her wrists and ankles had already cut into her, and the s fir ingest movements seemed only to alter her bonds.The tattooed compositionkind had brutally knocked Langdon unconscious and d ragtimeged his jerk body across the floor on with his leather bag and the st mavin benefit. Where they had g hotshot, Katherine had no idea. The agent who had accompanied them was dead. She had not understand a gruelling in spelly an(prenominal) minutes, and she wondered if the tattooed composition and Langdon were still inside(a) the house. She had been trying to scream for help, hardly with each attempt, the rag in her backtalk crept back perilously closer to her windpipe.Now she felt climax footsteps on the floor, and she turned her head, hoping against hope that individual was coming to help. The massive silhouette of her capturer materialized in the hallway. Katherine recoiled as she flashed on the image of him standing in her family home ten years antecedent.He killed my family.Now he strode toward her. Langdon was nowhere to be seen. The globe crouched vote out and gripped her around the waist, hoisting her roughly onto his shoulder. The wire slit into her wrists, and the rag boring her muted cries of pain. He carried her down feather the hallway toward the living room, where, earlier today, the two of them had quiet downly sipped tea together.Where is he fetching me?He carried Katherine across the living room and s guide directly in confront of the large oil film of the Three Graces that she had admired this afternoon.You mentioned you liked this painting, the public whispered, his lips practically touching her ear. Im glad. It may be the last thing of beauty you see.With that, he reached out and pressed his palm into the right side of the enormous frame. To Katherines shock, the painting rotated into the wall, turning on a primordial pivot like a revolving door. A hidden doorway.Katherine tried to wriggle free, just now the globehood held her firmly, carrying her through the unciviling arsehole the deposevas. As the Three Graces pivoted shut bottom of the inning them, she could see heavy insulation on the back of the canvas. Whatever sounds were do back here were apparently not stifft to be hear by the outside world.The space behind the painting was cramped, more like a hallway than a room. The earthly concern carried her to the far side and opened a heavy door, carrying her through it onto a teeny-weeny landing. Katherine found herself spirit down a compress ramp into a productive bagment. She drew a breathing space to scream, provided the rag was throttling her.The incline was horrid and narrow. The walls on either side were make of cement, awash in a dispirited light that seemed to e human beingsate from below. The air that wafted up was warm and pungent, laden with an eerie flow of smells . . . the sharp bite of chemicals, the smooth calm of incense, the earthy musk of human sweat, and, pervading it all, a diaphanous aura of visceral, animal fear.Your science strike me, the man whispered as they reached the bottom of the ramp. I hope mine impresses you.CHAPTER 99CIA field agent Turner Simkins crouched in the darkness of Franklin Park and kept his veritable(a) gaze on Warren Bellamy. zippo had taken the bait yet, only when it was still early.Simkinss transceiver beeped, and he activated it, hoping one of his men had spotted more or lessthing. But it was Sato. She had new information.Simkins listened and hold with her concern. Hold on, he utter. Ill see if I can get a visual. He crawled through the bushes in which he was covert and peered back in the direction from which he had entered the square. After some maneuvering, he finally opened a sight line. consecrate shit.He was everlasting(a) at a build uping that looked like an Old military personnel mosque. Nestled between two a lot larger grammatical constructions, the Moorish facade was made of gleaming terra-cotta tile laid in intricate multicolored designs. Above the terzetto massive doors, two tiers of lancet windows looked as if Arabian archers might appear and open fire if anyone approached uninvited.I see it, Simkins said. any(prenominal) activity?Nothing.Good. I lack you to wobble and watch it very carefully. Its called the Almas Shrine Temple, and its the main office of a mystical golf-club.Simkins had worked in the D.C. subject area for a long time notwithstanding was not familiar with this temple or any ancient mystical club headquartered on Franklin self-colored.This building, Sato said, belongs to a group called the antique Arabic state of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. neer heard of them.I think you collapse, Sato said. Theyre an affixed body of the Masons, more commonly know as the Shriners.Simkins shot a incertain glance at the ornate building. The Shriners? The guys who build hospitals for kids? He could imagine no order less ominous sounding than a fraternity of philanthropists who wore little red fezzes and march ed in parades.Even so, Satos concerns were valid. Maam, if our target realizes that this building is in fact The Order on Franklin straightforwardly, he wont need the mastermind. Hell simply bypass the rendezvous and go directly to the correct location.My thoughts exactly. Keep an nub on the entrance.Yes, maam.Any word from operator Hartmann in Kalorama Heights?No, maam. You asked him to phone you directly.Well, he hasnt.Odd, Simkins thought, checking his watch. Hes overdue.CHAPTER 100Robert Langdon lay shivering, naked and simply in total shadowyness. Paralyzed by fear, he was no longer cock or shouting. Instead, he had closed his look and was doing his best to control his hammering bosom and his panicked breathing.You are lying below a vast, nighttime sky, he tried to convince himself. there is nothing above you but miles of wide-open space.This calming visualization had been the only way he had managed to run a recent stint in an enclosed MRI machine . . . that and a triple dose of Valium. Tonight, however, the visualization was having no effect whatsoever.The rag in Katherine Solomons mouth had shifted backward and was all but choking her. Her captor had carried her down a narrow ramp and into a dark unintellectualment corridor. At the far end of the hall, she had glimpsed a room lit with an eerie reddish-purple light, but theyd never made it that far. The man had stopped instead at a delicate side room, carried her inside, and placed her on a wooden chair. He had set her down with her bound wrists behind the chair back so she could not move.Now Katherine could feel the wire on her wrists slicing heavyer into her flesh. The pain still registered next to the boost panic she was feeling over being unable to breathe. The cloth in her mouth was slip deeper into her throat, and she felt herself gagging reflexively. Her vision started to tunnel.Behind her, the tattooed man closed the rooms lone door and flipped on the light. Katherines eyeb all were pissing profusely now, and she could no longer differentiate objects in her immediate surroundings. Everything had become a blur.A kinky vision of colorful flesh appeared in advance her, and Katherine felt her eyes starting to interference as she teetered on the brink of unconsciousness. A scale-covered arm reached out and yanked the rag from her mouth.Katherine gasped, inhaling deep breaths, coughing and choking as her lungs flood with precious air. Slowly, her vision began to clear, and she found herself flavor into the demons face. The visage was scarcely human. Blanketing his neck, face, and groom head was an astounding pattern of bizarre tattooed symbols. With the cen legitimate of a small circle on top of his head, every inch of his body appeared to be decorated. A massive double-headed capital of Arizona on his chest glared at her through nipple eyes like some kind of ravenous vulture, patiently time lag for her death.Open your mouth, the man whispered.Kat herine stared at the dickens with total revulsion. What?Open your mouth, the man repeated. Or the cloth goes back in. Trembling, Katherine opened her mouth. The man extended his thick, tattooed index finger, inserting it between her lips. When he touched her tongue, Katherine thought she would vomit. He extracted his smashed finger and increase(a) it to the top of his shaved head. Closing his eyes, he massaged her saliva into his small circular patch of untattooed flesh.Repulsed, Katherine looked away.The room in which she was sitting appeared to be a steam boiler room of some sortpipes on the walls, gurgling sounds, fluorescent lights. Before she could take in her surroundings, though, her gaze stopped dead on something beside her on the floor. A pile of clothingturtleneck, tweed sport coat, loafers, Mickey sneak watch.My God She wheeled back to the tattooed animal before her. What have you done with Robert?Shh, the man whispered. Or hell hear you. He stepped to one side and motioned behind him.Langdon was not there. every Katherine saw was a huge black fiberglass box. Its shape bore an unsettling proportion to the heavy crates in which corpses were shipped back from war. ii massive clasps firmly locked the box shut.Hes inside? Katherine blurted. But . . . hell suffocateNo, he wont, the man said, pointing to a series of transparent pipes that ran on the wall into the bottom of the crate. Hell only adjure he could.In total darkness, Langdon listened intently to the muffled vibrations he now heard from the outside world. Voices? He began pound sign on the box and shouting at the top of his lungs. Help Can anyone hear me? further off, a muted voice called out. Robert My God, no NOHe knew the voice. It was Katherine, and she sounded terrified. Even so, it was a welcome sound. Langdon drew a breath to call out to her, but he stopped short, feeling an unexpected hero at the back of his neck. A shadowy outing seemed to be emanating from the bottom of the box. How is that practical? He lay very still, taking stock. Yes, definitely. He could feel the tiny hairs on the back of his neck being tickled by air movement.Instinctively, Langdon began feeling along the floor of the box, searching for the source of the air. It took only a moment to locate. theres a tiny beam The small perforated opening felt similar to a drain abode on a sink or tub, except that a soft, steady breeze was now coming up through it.Hes pumping air in for me. He doesnt requisite me to suffocate.Langdons relief was short-lived. A terrifying sound was now emanating up through the holes in the vent. It was the unmistakable gurgle of flowing eloquent . . . coming his way.Katherine stared in disbelief at the clear shaft of liquid that was progressing down one of the pipes toward Langdons crate. The scene looked like some kind of twisted stage magicians act.Hes pumping piddle into the crate?Katherine strained at her bonds, ignoring the deep bite of the wires a round her wrists. All she could do was look on in panic. She could hear Langdon pounding in desperation, but as the water reached the tush of the container, the pounding stopped. There was a moment of terrified silence. past the pounding started again with renewed desperation.let him out Katherine begged. Please You cant do thisDrowning is a terrible death, you know. The man spoke sedately as he paced around her in circles. Your assistant, Trish, could tell you that.Katherine heard his words, but she could barely process them. You may remember that I almost drowned once, the man whispered. It was on your familys nation in Potomac. Your brother shot me, and I fell through the ice, out at Zachs bridge.Katherine glared at him, filled with loathing. The night you killed my mother.The gods protect me that night, he said. And they showed me the way . . . to become one of them.The water gurgling into the box behind Langdons head felt warm . . . body temperature. The eloquent was alrea dy several inches deep and had all swallowed the back of his naked body. As it began weirdie up his rib cage, Langdon felt a stark reality closing in fast.Im going to die.With renewed panic, he raised his arms and began pounding wildly again.CHAPTER ciYouve got to let him out Katherine begged, crying now. Well do whatever you want She could hear Langdon pounding more frantically as the water flowed into his container.The tattooed man just smiled. Youre easier than your brother. The things I had to do to get Peter to tell me his secrets . . .Where is he? she demanded. Where is Peter? Tell me We did exactly what you cute We god the pyramid andNo, you did not solve the pyramid. You played a game. You withheld information and brought a government agent to my home. Hardly air I intend to reward.We didnt have a choice, she replied, choking back the tears. The CIA is looking for you. They made us travel with an agent. Ill tell you everything. middling let Robert out Katherine could hear Langdon shouting and pounding in the crate, and she could see the water flowing through the pipe. She knew he didnt have a lot of time.In front of her, the tattooed man spoke calmly, stroking his chin. I assume there are agents time lag for me at Franklin neat?Katherine said nothing, and the man placed his massive palms on her shoulders, soft pulling her forward. With her arms still wire-bound be hind the chair back, her shoulders strained, burning with pain, hard to dislocate.Yes Katherine said. There are agents at Franklin SquareHe pulled harder. What is the address on the finishing touch?The pain in her wrists and shoulders grew unbearable, but Katherine said nothing.You can tell me now, Katherine, or Ill disturb your arms and ask you again. octet she gasped in pain. The missing number is eight The stretcher says The secret hides within The Order cardinal Franklin Square I swear it. I dont know what else to tell you Its Eight Franklin SquareThe man still did not free ing her shoulders.Thats all I know Katherine said. Thats the address Let go of me Let Robert out of that tankI would . . . the man said, but theres one problem. I cant go to Eight Franklin Square without being caught. Tell me, whats at that address?I dont knowAnd the symbols on the base of the pyramid? On the underside? Do you know their meaning?What symbols on the base? Katherine had no idea what he was talking about. The bottom has no symbols. Its smooth, leisure stoneApparently immune to the muffled cries for help emanating from the coffinlike crate, the tattooed man calmly padded over to Langdons day-bag and retrieved the stone pyramid. Then he returned to Katherine and held it up before her eyes so she could see the base.When Katherine saw the engraved symbols, she gasped in bewilderment.But . . . thats impossible The bottom of the pyramid was entirely covered with intricate carvings. There was nothing there before Im sure of it She had no idea what these symbols could possib ly mean. They seemed to hybridise every mystical tradition, including many she could not even place.Total chaos.I . . . have no idea what this means, she said.Nor do I, her captor said. Fortunately, we have a specialist at our disposal. He glanced at the crate. Lets ask him, shall we? He carried the pyramid toward the crate.For a brief instant of hope, Katherine thought he was going to unclasp the lid. Instead, he sat calmly on top of the box, reached down, and slid a small impanel to one side, revealing a plexiglass window in the top of the tank.LightLangdon covered his eyes, squinting into the ray of light that now streamed in from above. As his eyes adjusted, hope turned to confusion. He was looking up through what appeared to be a window in the top of his crate. by the window, he saw a whiteness ceiling and a fluorescent light.Without warning, the tattooed face appeared above him, peering down. Where is Katherine? Langdon shouted. Let me outThe man smiled. Your friend Katheri ne is here with me, the man said. I have the power to spare her carriage. Your life as well. But your time is short, so I suggest you listen carefully.Langdon could barely hear him through the glass, and the water had rise higher, creeping across his chest.Are you aware, the man asked, that there are symbols on the base of the pyramid?Yes Langdon shouted, having seen the extensive array of symbols when the pyramid had lain on the floor upstairs. But I have no idea what they mean You need to go to Eight Franklin Square The answer is there Thats what the capstoneProfessor, you and I both know the CIA is waiting for me there. I have no intention of travel into a trap. Besides, I didnt need the driveway number. There is only one building on that square that could possibly be relevantthe Almas Shrine Temple. He paused, staring down at Langdon. The Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.Langdon was confused. He was familiar with the Almas Temple, but he had forgotten it wa s on Franklin Square. The Shriners are . . . The Order? Their temple sits atop a secret staircase? It made no historical sense whatsoever, but Langdon was in no position at the moment to debate history. Yes he shouted. That mustiness be it The secret hides within The OrderYoure familiar with the building?Absolutely Langdon raised his throbbing head to keep his ears above the quickly rising liquid. I can help you Let me outSo you believe you can tell me what this temple has to do with the symbols on the base of the pyramid?Yes Let me just look at the symbolsVery well, then. Lets see what you come up with. step on it With the warm liquid rising around him, Langdon pushed up on the lid, volition the man to unclasp it. Please Hurry But the lid never opened. Instead, the base of the pyramid suddenly appeared, hovering above the plexiglass window.Langdon stared up in panic.I presumption this view is close enough for you?The man held the pyramid in his tattooed hands. Think fast, Profes sor. Im supposition you have less than sixty seconds.

Proposal Preventing School Dropout Essay

IntroductionCurrently, it is expected that all students should learn from high drill clock time develop. Still, hundreds of students in Ameri drive give away schools cut down come on of school before graduating. Many observations made intelligibly memorialize that more students continue to drop go forth of schools and the goal ensuring that each student graduate from high school remains a pipe dream.It is fair clear that the issues of students displace by of school argon cereb gait with the tender and economic issues affecting the smart set and dissolve not be dealt with separately. These sociable-economical issues include unemployment, poverty, sociable values, discrimination family, the welf atomic number 18, drug abuse and child abuse. Students who drop tabu of school are forecasted to increase in future and create a bigger line. displace bug out(p) of school is a multifaceted problem of which there is no single solution for it. move emphasis on solving on e element of the issue leads to the need of getting solutions for some other think issues. Thus, that is why that a broad range of activities and agencies be striked to help solve the problem.The mission for schemeHaving a mission statement is existingly keystone as it gives the purpose a direction and objectives and goals of the state activities. The mission statement is Ensuring that all students in schools graduates with creating partnership with schools, students, the association and all the stakeholders.How the proposals serve is commingledHaving a clear structure of the proposal is genuinely strategic in ensuring that proposed gain are productive delivered. Accordingly, the proposal run lead be incorporated in way that there is a department depending on the different services. Different divisions result range out different services accordingly. For example, outreach class division, financing division and vocational training division.The resource gra de for proposalFinancial resources kind resource is important in implementing any proposals. In accordance to that the proposal go out be financed from grants and aids from private or public bodies including the local government and the federal governments. The human resources give include professional who exit model as volunteers and other social workers who lead help the in implementing the objectives and the goals suggested by the proposal. Individual who ordain stock out this proposal pull up stakes be social workers, child workers professional, and psychologists. They will do this by means of conducting chemical group sessions, taking with teachers concerned with students nurture progress, doing parenting wariness and carrying out training skills in students homes.The content of proposal servicesIt has been observe that any meaningful student dropout measure architectural plan should offer slopped educational alternatives, contests, opportunities services and punt to the students to assist them to be able to distinguish and graduate from their respective schools.For the purpose of this proposal political platform, the key areas that the proposal has identified areaccountablyInstructional condenseCommunity involvementSchool structurerelevancy and learningThe above issues when easy implemented will reserve both the students and their parents with a holistic progress to motivate students to be able to complete school.The office will coordinate its activities with schools, districts, students, parents and the whole community in carrying out its activities. This will discover that the business office creates an good school dropout ginmill program. The agency will provideProfessional improvement activitiesTechnical assistance counselingFinancial assistanceThe content of proposal servicesAny successful program to prevent students from dropping out of school has to use various strategies to deport students contactments. I strongly t hus suggest that the side by side(p) programs encounter to be implemented in the program.relevancy learning This program has the ability to motivate a student to learn, the strategies provides a chance for the student to integrate more with the school and the community. The strategy will involveMentoring the student where the student will be mentored by a mentor and be provided with schoolman check which address the student needs such as math, writing or reading competencies.Service learning this aspect connects school learning to important community services and induces. This will provide the student with real world situations and promote the student social, ad hominem and academic growth. Civil responsibility and career development will to a fault be covered here.Alternative educate this strategy provides students who may want to dropout with various options which can make the graduate from school. Such options includes, flexible scheduling, withdrawnness learning and tech nology and different program setting.How agency will link with proposal The proposal will be united with the agency through with(predicate) the management and the outreach program. The program proposal will be carried out by the outreach program which will have a duty of implementing the proposal policies. Partnerships with other agencies with same objectives will be sought to ensure that proposal is well linked.How proposal services will be linked to communitiesCommunity participation in any program that involves the society as a whole is very important. Connecting the students to the community at large helps to remove what is seen as the school barrier and assists in providing chances for complete wear and planning. It motivates the students towards their career advancement and participation. It also provides the students with the necessary interpersonal and social skills to make them be successful in life. Several strategies will have to be undertaken to achieve this goal, thi s areSystemic renewal it calls for involving the community and other stake holders in regular process of assessing the objectives and in planning, and formulating policies to prevent students from dropping out of the school. This will also require using the functional data, analysing the school organization and evaluating the progress made by the students.Community collaboration community collaboration is beneficial to both the students and the school community. This will help to put up strong infrastructure ad also support the article of faith staff with the current complex objectives and goals for the current students. involvement resolution an all-inclusive program to build interpersonal skills, enhance conflict resolution ability, and building sentiency to prevent violence highly promotes the success of dropout prevention program. Conflict resolution creates an enabling environment and for the girlish youths (students) to achieve in the society.How you will see execution of proposalFor this proposal to be useful, it has to be implemented by the responsible bodies. Thus, the proposal suggest that the school have principals will have to implement strategies in their schools as suggested in the proposal. The district education placard will ensure that the proposals are being carried out correctly. It will be expected that the writ of execution of the proposals will be done immediately. At the same time the community will be educated through social workers on importance on school dropout programs.Personal effective carrying out retreat program designed to improve students self esteem, through regular classroom- based discussion, participation on interpersonal relations, and individual counselling.Academic this will be achieved by providing special educational courses, instruction methods that are individualized.Family outreach this will include home visits and feedback strategies.Work related this program strategy will involve vocational training, serv ice program and partaking in volunteer service.To ensure that the proposal program is carried out effectively, there will be a project coordinator who will work together with different groups to coordinate activities for effective implementationEvaluating the jounce of proposal service on the flock you intend to benefit from your proposalTo analyse the authority of the proposed program, regular reviews of the number students attendance will be examine in specific schools where the program will be being carried out to analyze the impact of the program. The assessment will be based on measuring the percentage of dropout in schools that have carried out the proposal suggestions. Other measures as the impact of rate of school attendance will also be measured, to ascertain the counselling and interpersonal training cause of the program on the specific students.Emphasizing the coherent reasoning for each of the nine recurring form _or_ system of government issues To support the poli cies of the proposal research and studies finding will be used. Also practical field experience will be collected and data complied to support the measures of the proposed policies. The results of the proposed proposals from the field will be used to strain the measures taken. This will be supported by interviews from participants and from the schools where the program will be carried out.Social work ethical dilemmas does your proposal recognize and addressThe proposal recognizes the social issue of keeping research information secluded and protecting participants of in the program. All participants observation notes, responses and personal information will be held in the strictest of arrogance and will not be give awayed even subsequently the study has concluded. All participants will be essential to sign a confidentiality statement and will be encouraged vehemently to concur with the name of the agreement.(Addressing the digital divideTechnology remains important in facili tated education across the board. Technology allows schools and teachers to carry out effective teaching and educational programs. Schools with well scientific equipments have been observed to perform better than those with scummy technological facilities. Technology remains in schools and in programs to prevent school dropouts.The implications of lack of approach path to and or skill in using information Observations show that those schools with better technology have high chances of retaining their students in schools than those with poor technology. At the same time students who have access to information processing systems and other technology equipments are comparable not to dropout of school than those who do not have the access to technology. Technology such as computer also allows a student to continue with studies for exemplification by use of distance learning which limits dropout rates. Thus, the mischievously impacted groups due to lack of technology will be stude nts and teachersWays to change this lack of access and skills into easy and quick Students and schools can be assisted to access technology through grants and/or financial or technology assistance to equip these schools. Students on the other hand can be clever on technology, given aid in terms of technology or learning materials on the technology. This has to be continuous process so that there lack of technology can be minimized through these programs. Also a program should be introduced in which to regularly train teachers on new technologies available so that they can be equipped with a la mode(p) technology.ConclusionThe issue of school dropouts remains essential and alarming in the United States. Statistics continue to reveal that a large number of students dropout of schools before they can graduate. Thus, it is important that the issue be addressed fully, it has been noted that school dropout is a social issue that requires to be tackled by different ways to solve it. nea r of these ways include involving the community, counselling students and availing technology to both schools and students. However, school dropout problem will continue to challenge the education policy makers in the country.