Maya Collapse - 1895 Words

I. Introduction. History of human is a long and mysterious journey to contemporary people to understand fully about it. However, it can be described briefly that â€Å"historical mankind has been mesmerized by the narrative of progress and civilization as codified by the first great agrarian kingdoms† (Scott 2011, p.2). By replacing hunters-gatherers and nomadic lifestyles with society of agriculture, people witnessed the flourish of many early civilizations in Europe, Asia such as Mesopotamian civilization, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, China dynasties, etc. Besides those big and famous civilizations existed in Europe and Asia, owning to the discovery of American continent of Christopher Columbus in 1492, one of the greatest civilizations†¦show more content†¦2. Maya successful achievements. Although Maya civilization shared many characteristic â€Å"with other Mesoamerican civilizations due to the high degree of interaction and cultural diffusion† (Maya civilization, n.d.), it cannot be denied that Maya was the most successful and advanced civilization with various accomplishments in art, astronomy, architecture and writing system. 2.1. Art. It is undeniable that Mayan art during the Classic era (from 250 AD to 900 AD) â€Å"is of a high level of aesthetic and artisanal sophistication† (Maya civilization, n.d.). Approximately between 600 AD and 800 AD, Mayan art witnessed an ever-seen era of Maya sculptures (Annequin 1978, p214) with many masterpieces containing greatly aesthetic sense. At this time, as Annequin (1978, p.215) notified â€Å"the Maya appear to have held the void in horror, and they often crammed surfaces until the impression was overwhelming† ; this inspired Mayans to produced much more things such as masks, ceremonial rods, earrings, armlets and mittens by inserting elaborately flamboyant feathers. Besides having talent in producing art of relief, Mayans also were experts in stucco at Palenque and Comalco. [pic] A stucco relief from Palenque depicting Upakal K’inich. (Maya civilization,n.d.) 2.2. Astronomy. The most striking feature that can be noted among successes of Mayans in Mathematics and Astronomy is the development of solar calendar which stated that there are 365 days per year. This commonShow MoreRelatedSecrets And The Collapse Of The Maya Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesSecrets Locked in Stone Maya scholars debated for decades over the fate of the Maya. Recent evidence from an unlikely source, points a sustained drought in the 9th and 10th Centuries. Stalagmites and Stone Carvings Offer Clues on the Collapse of the Maya Civilization Circa 900 A.D., the Maya world fell apart. How could an ancient Meso American civilization flourish for hundreds of years only to fade into the forest? That riddle has perplexed scholars ever since 19th century explorers JohnRead MoreMaya Civilization Collapse1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe example of societal collapse in which I will be making reference to throughout this essay is the Maya civilization. The Maya civilization is, â€Å"probably the best known of all early American civilizations.† (Fagan, 1995) It was at its strongest point between AD 300 AND 900. Around AD 900 was the time of its collapse. This civilization was developed in a densely, tropical forest on either highlands or lowlands. Today to visit a Mayan site, people would go to the modern Mexican state, capital cityRead MoreEssay on Collapse in Maya Society1119 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst millennium A.D., the lowland Maya empires disintegrated after 750 years of prominence (Handout 1). Warfare, the growing population, resource depletion, and climatic fluctuations contributed to the downfall of the Classical lowland empires (Schele and Freidel 321). 500 years later, the scattered Maya that remained would again face a crisis as the Spanish conquistadores invaded Yucatan, conquered, and began to rule. Though the Spanish conquest of the Maya brought a new religion and diseasesRead MoreThe Collapse Of Complex Societies1079 Words   |  5 Pages The word â€Å"collapse† has a number of connotations associated with it. Some view it exclusively the degradation of societies of the highest order. Others see it as the complete disintegration of economic prospects and commerce. Some even think of it political ruin with the demise of states and ruling factions that maintain order. The most general definition for collapse can includes elements from these three viewpoints. American anthropologist and historian Joseph A. Tainter is best known for hisRead MoreThe Fall of the Mayan Empire Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages The fall of the Mayan Empire The collapse of the Mayan Empire is one of history’s greatest mysteries. It was one of the most advanced and developed civilizations of its time period, reining during the Pre-Classic period and into the Classic and Post-Classic Periods (2000 B.C. – 900 A.D.). The territory stretched from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, down to modern day El Salvador in Central America. Its achievements were monumental for the era, being the first empire communicating with the useRead MoreThe Classic May A Time Of Great Expansion During The Yucatan Peninsula1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Classic Maya was a time of great expansion in the Yucatan peninsula. Socially impactful art, massive architecture, and thriving complex societies. Across the swath of time that was the Classic Maya, there were great rulers that defined cities. Pakal in Palenque, Tahn Te K inich in Acqueteca, several kings in Tikal, and several other cities all possessed great leaders that created stability. The Termi nal Classic period was when most all central power, across the Yucatan, was disrupted. ThereRead MoreEssay on Mayan Religion911 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Maya pyramids, now encompassed by the forest or explored by tourists, have long been viewed as mysterious places of sacrifice and bloodletting rituals. Though the religious significance of Maya pyramids has long been recognized, the casual traveler may pass right by other, less-imposing but no less important, places of religious meaning to the Maya. The small, community churches constructed during colonial times were central to religious activity in the cah. The milpa field, where cornRead MoreThe Ancient Civilization1502 Words   |  7 Pages The ancient Maya civilisation has generated great interest in many academic scholars and scientists, due to the phenomenon which saw one of the most dramatic civilisation collapses in recorded history, during what has been referred to as the Terminal Classic Period- A.D. ∠¼700 to 950 (Haug et al, 2003). Interestingly, the ancient civilisation has been characterised by its collapse in the 9th century, perhaps even more so than its remarkable accomplishments, such as: creating vast hierarchical andRead MoreEnd of Mayan Civilization1143 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the collapse of the Mayan Civilization has been a major focus for researchers in the fields of anthropology and archeology for a considerable period of time. At the very core of this mystery of the Mayan collapse was the question of how could such a strong, stable civilization that had flourished for approximately twenty-seven hundred years disappear without a clear, rational explanation. As a result, researchers have put forth a large number of theories for the explanation of the collapse and subsequentRead MoreEssay The Maya Civilization904 Words   |  4 PagesThe Maya Civilization The ancient Maya once occupied a vast geographic area in Central America. Their civilization inhabited an area that encompasses Mexicos Yucatan peninsula and parts of the states of Chiapas and Tabasco, as well as Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. From the third to the ninth century, Maya civilization produced awe-inspiring temples and pyramids, highly accurate calendars, mathematics and hieroglyphics, and a complex social and political order (Collapse

Do We Really Have Bugs Living Our Your Eyelashes

You probably dont think of your face as a homestead for bugs, but its true. Human skin is literally crawling with microscopic insects called mites and these critters have a fondness for hair follicles, especially the ones that belong to eyelashes and nostril hair. Normally, these super-tiny critters dont cause problems for their human hosts but in rare cases, they can cause eye infections.   Mite History We’ve known about face mites since the early 1840s, thanks to their near-simultaneous discovery by two German scientists. In 1841, Frederick Henle found tiny parasites living in earwax but he wasn’t sure how to classify them within the animal kingdom. He said as much in a letter to German physician Gustav Simon, who discovered the same parasites year later while studying facial pimples.  Demodex folliculorum had arrived. More than a century later in 1963, a Russian scientist named L. Kh. Akbulatova noticed that some face mites were a bit smaller than the others. He considered the shorter mites a subspecies and referred to them as Demodex brevis. Subsequent study determined that the mite was actually a distinct species, with a unique morphology that differentiated it from the larger Demodex folliculorum. All About Mites There are more than 60 species of parasitic mite, but only two,  Demodex folliculorum  and  Demodex brevis, like to  live on human beings. Both can be found on the face, as well as the chest, back, groin, and buttocks. The  Demodex brevis, sometimes called the face mite, prefers to live near  sebaceous glands, which produce oil the keep the skin and hair moist. (These glands also cause pimples and acne when they become clogged or infected.) The eyelash mite,  Demodex folliculorum, prefers living on the hair follicle itself.   Research shows that the older you are, the more face mites you have tucked away in your facial follicles. Newborn babies are mite-free, but by age 60, virtually all humans are infested with face mites.  Face mites are believed to spread from person to person via close contact and a healthy human adult is colonized by 1,000 to 2,000 follicle mites at any given time, without ill effects. Facial mites have eight stubby legs and  long, thin heads and bodies that allow them to move in and out of narrow hair follicles with ease. Face mites are tiny, measuring a mere fraction of a millimeter long. They spend their lives head-down in the follicle, gripping onto the hair or lash tightly with their feet.   Follicle mites (Demodex folliculorum) typically live in groups, with a few mites sharing a follicle. The smaller face mites (Demodex brevis) seem to be loners and generally only one will occupy a given follicle. Both species feed on the secretions of oil glands and  Demodex folliculorum  is thought to feed on dead skin cells as well. Occasionally, a face mite may need a change of scenery. Face mites are photophobic, so they wait until the sun goes down and the lights are off before backing slowly out of their follicle and  making the arduous journey  (moving at a rate of about one centimeter per hour) to a new follicle.   There are still some things that researchers dont know about facial mites, especially when it comes to their reproductive lives. Scientists believe that facial mites may only lay one egg at a time because each egg can be up to half the size of its parent. The female deposits her eggs inside the hair follicle and they hatch in about three days. Within the span of a week, the mite progresses through its nymphal stages and reaches adulthood. Mites live about 14 days. Health Issues The link between facial mites and health problems is not well understood, however, scientists say they do not normally pose any issues for people. The most common disorder, called demodicosis, is caused by an overabundance of mites on the skin and hair follicles. Symptoms include itchy, red, or burning eyes; inflammation around the eyelid; and crusty discharge around the eye. Seek medical treatment if you have any of these symptoms, which can also indicate other health issues besides mites. In some instances, your doctor may recommend a prescription or over-the-counter antibiotic treatment. Some people also recommend cleaning the eyelashes with tea tree or lavender oil and washing the face with baby shampoo to remove mites. You may also want to consider discontinuing the use of cosmetics—especially mascara and eyeliner—until your skin is clear.   People suffering from rosacea and dermatitis tend to have a much higher number of face mites on their skin than persons with clear skin. However, scientists say theres no clear correlation. The mites may cause the skin to break out, or the infection may attract abnormally large mite populations. Large face mite populations have also been found on people suffering from other  dermatological disorders, such as alopecia (hair loss),  madarosis (loss of eyebrows), and infections of hair and oil glands on the head and face. These are fairly uncommon, and the link between them and mites is still being studied. Sources: Hassan, Iffat, and Rather, Parvaiz Anwar. Human  . Indian Journal of Dermatology. January-February, 2014.  Demodex  Mite: The Versatile Mite of Dermatological ImportanceJones, Lucy. These Microscopic Mites Live on Your Face. BBC.com. May 8, 2015.Knutson, Roger M. Furtive Fauna: A Field Guide to the Creatures Who Live on You. Viking Penguin, 1992.Berenbaum, May R. Bugs in the System: Insects and Their Impact on Human Lives. Addison-Wesley, 1995.Rajan, T.V. Textbook of Medical Parasitology. BI Publications Pvt Ltd, 2008.Gutià ©rrez, Yezid. Diagnostic Pathology of Parasitic Infections: With Clinical Correlations. Oxford University Press, 2000.

Bullying-Informative - 1231 Words

Priscilla Stoddard Dr. JoAnna Kessler English 1301:83029 18 April 2013 Bullying Stopbullying.gov defines bullying as â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involve a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time† (stopbullying.gov). â€Å"Traditionally bullying has included overt physical acts (e.g., hitting, shoving) and verbal abuse (e.g., taunting, name-calling) as well as more subtle or indirect actions such as social exclusion and rumor spreading† (Kowalski, Limber S22). There are many types of bullying and how it can be done. In this paper it will show the two types of bullying, the warning signs and effects, and risk factors of bullying.†¦show more content†¦Now, information on the warning sings of bullying: â€Å"There are many warning signs that may indicate that someone is affected by bullying—either being bullied or bullying others recognizing the warning signs is an important first step in taking action against bullying. Not all children who are bullied or are bullying others ask for help† (stopbullying.gov). Stopbullying.org gives multiple signs to look for when a child is being bullied. â€Å"Some signs that may point to a bullying problem are: unexplainable injuries, lost or destroyed clothing, books electronics or jewelry, frequent headaches or stomach aches, feeling sick or faking illness, difficulty sleeping or frequent nightmares, declining grades, loss of interest in schoolwork, or not wanting to go to school, sudden loss of friends† (stopbullying.org). Bullying affects every person in a different way, from the people who are actually bullied to the ones who do the bullying, and also the people who witness the bullying are affected (stopbullying.gov). â€Å"Bullying is linked to many negative outcomes including impacts on mental health, substance use, and suicide. It is important to talk to kids to determine whether bullying—or something else – is a concern† (s topbullying.gov). â€Å"Effects of bullying can bee seen in tragic emotional consequences for victims of bullies.Show MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Bullying Is Everybody s Problem888 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline â€Å"Bullying is Everybody s Problem† Introduction I. What do we know about bullying? It turns out that with our busy lives, bullying is mostly imperceptible. Have you ever asked yourself why your son, your nephew or a close relative, refuses to go to school? Why the child is always complaining of stomachaches or other diseases in the mornings? II. If so, your child is likely to be a victim of bullying. However, you may not realize that bullying is a real issue that unfortunatelyRead MoreInformative Speech On Bullying1121 Words   |  5 Pagespeople in the audience today have been a victim of bullying? How many people have witnessed a person being bullied, but decided to do nothing? How many of you have bullied someone? None of these three situations are very pleasant. In fact, bullying itself have destroyed families, has left lifelong mental and physical nightmares and has taken many lives through physical actions and suicide. Welcome, today you’re about to witness real life bullying examples in real life. ( Curtains close, actors readyRead More Bullying and School Violence Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article title states exactly what the article talks about, the many different cases of bullying and violence in schools. The title tells you exactly what to expect from the abstract but does not give away any information on what it includes. The author did a good job deciding on the title because although it is simple, it grabs your attention, it certainly did mine. Bullying is a very common happening among young children so the title having the word bully in it, draws your attention. ItRead MoreBullying and Good Job Essay725 Words   |  3 PagesBullying and School Violence The article title states exactly what the article talks about, the many different cases of bullying and violence in schools. The title tells you exactly what to expect from the abstract but does not give away any information on what it includes. The author did a good job deciding on the title because although it is simple, it grabs your attention, it certainly did mine. Bullying is a very common happening among young children so the title having the word bully inRead MoreEnd Bullying in the Classroom Essay575 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article Bullying: Effective Strategies for its Prevention Scarpaci (2006) defines bullying as when a more powerful person hurts, frightens, or intimidates a weaker person on a continual and deliberate basis. For this reason, Scarpaci (2006) states that bullying manifests in three distinct forms which are physical (hitting, shoving, poking, tripping, and slapping), verbal (name-calling, insults, teasing) and social (persuading others to exclude or reject someone). Furthermore, Scarpaci (2006)Read MoreCyberbullying Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesInformative Speech Outline Name- Cayla Kiger Specific Purpose- I will be informing you about cyber bullying Central Idea- I will be informing you about what cyber bullying actually is, the causes of cyber bullying, and the effects its has on people. Introduction I- â€Å"Around 1 in5 kids have been cyber bullied. That 1 in 5 may be your friends, your siblings, or even you.† (Cyber bullying Stats 1). II. As the majority of my audience â€Å"think† they know what cyber bullying is, I am hereRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Our Youth930 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bulling â€Å"Cyber-bullying and its Effect on our Youth,† has released some useful information to American Osteopathic Association directed by unknown author and Dr. Jennifer N. Caudle, certified family physician. Dr. Caudle approaches to parents while she breaks down some statistics that could potentially prevent cyber bullying. Although, the author of the article along with Dr. Caudle does not reveal sufficient information of cyber bullying, the information given can be wisely incorporatedRead MoreThe Physical Appearance Of Victims Of Teen Bullying850 Words   |  4 PagesVictims Adolescents who are victims of bullying are usually shy, with low self-esteem, low self-confidence, little to no friends, lack proper social skills, less assertive, and often depressed (Merrell, Gueldner, Ross, Isava, 2008, p. 26). The physical appearance of victims of teen bullying can vary; some adolescents have a frail (skinny) figure, which makes it easier for teens of a larger size to dominate them. On the other hand, some victims can be overweight, which provokes bullies to verballyRead MoreThemes in Destroying Avalon Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesparents the consequences of bullying over the cyber world and how it affects not only the victim but also the loved ones and even the bully. This is displayed by McCaffrey’s interesting plot structure. â€Å"Destroying Avalon† draws the attention of teenagers as it has great use of suggestive and unique language techniques. The subject matter of â€Å"Destroying Avalon† is Bullying, in the form of Cyber Bullying. The themes conveyed in this text are the consequences of bullying and belonging. This helpsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children By Dr. Terry Ehiorobo1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe article Bullying in School: The Traumatic Effects of Bullying on Children was written by Dr. Terry Ehiorobo. Dr. Ehiorobo has the following qualifications to address these issues, because he has worked as a school teacher and principal. Currently, Dr. Ehiorobo is employed as a school principal at an alternative school in Kenosha, WI. The main idea of the article is to focus on how these acts of bullying can cause long-lasting effects for the victims. Basically, bullying has a real emotional

Macbeth (Witches Effect) Essays - 1124 Words

Topic: How important are the witches to Macbeth? Discuss the effects of the witches on character, plot, themes and audience. In the play of ‘Macbeth by William Shakespeare the witches have an important effect on Macbeth, the characters, the plot, the theme and the audience. They help construct the play and without them it would have been a totally different story line. The three weird sisters influence Macbeth in his acts, they effect characters lives, orientate the plot, they are related to most of the themes and appeal the audiences attention. The witches have a strong effect on Macbeths character; they highly influence him in his accomplishments and awake his ambitions. They give Macbeth a†¦show more content†¦The witches can predict the future, they can add temptation, and influence Macbeth, but they cannot control his destiny. Macbeth creates his own misery when he is driven by the guilt of his actions. Although the witches did have the power to accurately predict significant events in Macbeths life, the actual ‘carrying out of those prophecies was undertaken by Macbeth. In this play, the three equivocators have a resilient effect, not only on Macbeth but on the other characters too. ‘Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. Not so happy yet much happier. Thou shalt get kings though thou be none. (Act 1 Scene 3) Banquo is directly involved with the three witches; he talks to them face to face. Being at first strongly contrasted with Macbeth, as an innocent man with a guilty one, it seems like this contrast must be continued to his death; while, in reality, though it is never removed, it is gradually diminished. Banquo in fact may be described much more truly than Macbeth as the victim of the Witches. Some other characters are indirectly affected by their prophecies. If Macbeth had not been influenced by the witches, he would not have killed Duncan. Because they are the ones who start the play and orientate it, the witches have an effect on every ones life. The three weird sisters prophesies orientate the plot in a certain direction, some events might not have occurred without their sayings. Macbeth hears these words and then tries to makeShow MoreRelatedEffect Of The Witches In Macbeth739 Words   |  3 PagesHow do the witches affect the actions of Macbeth? Macduff enters Holding Macbeths Lifeless head. â€Å"Hail King of Scotland!†, Cheer the people. How did it get to this? How did a soft-hearted and honest noble like Macbeth get into this position? The quick and easy answer is that it was the work of the three witches. At the beginning of the play, the three witches gave Macbeth and Banquo prophecies; Macbeth will be king, thane of Cawdor, and be thane of Glamis. They also said that Banquo’s sons willRead MoreEssay about The Effects of the Witches in Shakespeares Macbeth597 Words   |  3 PagesIn Macbeth the witches have an evil effect on Macbeth, other characters, the plot, the theme, and the audience. They contribute to the play, and without them the plot would be greatly altered. The three witches have an evil effect on Macbeth and how he makes his actions throughout the play. The witches have a profound effect on Macbeths actions and his character development throughout the play. They gave Macbeth a false belief with seemingly true statements about his destiny. Instead they proveRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Use the Witches in Macbeth to Create Mood and Effect on an Audience?844 Words   |  4 PagesHow does Shakespeare use the witches to create mood and effect on an audience? Macbeth was set around 1040s, during this era, Elizabethan and Jacobean times, the traditional theory of witches was widely accepted; and anyone who questioned it was believed to be a witch themselves; if there was suspicion of a person being a witch, prosecution was most likely made.   The play â€Å"Macbeth† is a tragedy, because of Macbeth; the hero aspect in the play is brought to ruin. Although he is not an idealisticRead MoreThe Classification Of Water Imagery Present Throughout Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare is renowned for his vividly descriptive, original, and pioneering use of imagery in many of his plays, but their effect on the audience’s understanding of his plays is most obvious in the tragedies, particularly in Macbeth. Images in Shakespeare’s works are used, according to Shakespeare critic G. Wilson Knight, to craft a play’s â€Å"atmosphere† or the permeating tone or mood of a play (3). However, this attitude between images and atmosphere creates an environment where different definitionsRead MoreOccult and Supernatural Elements in Macbeth1402 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough Macbeth is not classed as being a supernatural play or a play of the occult, there are some elements in the play that Shakespeare uses to effect. It is necessary however, to define what is meant by the terms ‘occult’ and ‘supernatural’: the term ‘occult’ is defined as being ‘supernatural beliefs, practises or phenomenon’ and the term ‘supernatural’ is defined as being ‘attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature’; both these terms can be associated withRead MoreThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare some time between 1603 and 1606 and is set in Scotland around 1040. The time it was written coincides with the reign of King James the First of England. King James showed a great interest in witches and powers of the supernatural and Macbeth was arguably written to impress the king in what were violent times. Shakespeare used witches as pivotal characters to createRead More Religious Themes in Macbeth Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote the play Macbeth in approximately 1606. The play is a tragedy and this can be often identified before we have even read the play. The title â€Å"Macbeth† alone suggests the genre of the play is a tragedy as it is the name of a character. Life in Shakespeare’s time was very religious and the play was written in order to please King James I who was on the throne at this point. The idea of the theme of religion and witchcraft fitting into the play was also to please King JamesRead MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreThe Dramatic Impact and Importance of Witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth654 Words   |  3 PagesDramatic Impact and Importance of Witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth The witches in Macbeth have a large dramatic impact and play a key role in Macbeth, so they are also important. This play was written roughly 400 years ago and so the majority of the population then would have been very superstitious. This means that there would have been a much larger impact on the audience. The witches are also important, as with out them Macbeth would not have had the idea to killRead MoreMacbeth - a Study of the Criminal Mind1045 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth Analysis – English Honours: Shakespeare delves straight into the theme of murder and the study of the criminal mind. The trio of witches subtly expose themselves to be concocting a devious plan in the first scene itself. â€Å"When the hurly-burly’s done. When the battle’s lost and won. That will be ere the set of sun. Where the place? Upon the heath. There to meet with Macbeth†. (I.i.3-7) As the play progresses, Shakespeare reveals the underlying causes for the murders but stalls the unsettling

Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion Free Essays

Austen uses Mr Elliot in various ways in Persuasion, this ranges from gaining an insight into other people’s characters to contributing to the romance genre. Austen mainly uses Mr Elliot as a plot device in Book Two of the novel after Anne’s arrival in Bath. The use of Mr Elliot’s character can be tied into most of the major themes of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first mention of Mr Elliot in Persuasion is in the fist chapter of Book One. We find out that he is the heir presumptive to the Baronetcy, through Sir Walter who is reading the Baronetage. We can see that this is important to Sir Walter as he has added, â€Å"Heir presumptive, William Walter Elliot, Esq.† to the pages in the book referring to the Elliot’s. This shows how class conscious Sir Walter is, it is blatantly obvious that Austen is ridiculing Sir Walter for being too class conscious. However later in the novel we see that whilst she does not approve of how class conscious Sir Walter is, Austen is still a woman of her time and we see that she is class conscious, through Anne’s reactions, but not to the degree that Sir Walter is. In the same chapter we also find out more about Mr Elliot’s past relationship with the Elliot family, in particular with Elizabeth and Sir Walter, to an extent. We see that Mr Elliot has disappointed her, â€Å"the heir presumptive †¦ had disappointed her† even though she had â€Å"found him extremely agreeable†. However instead of marrying Elizabeth, Mr Elliot sought independence and married â€Å"a rich woman of inferior birth.† This leads to all acquaintance between the ceasing as Mr Elliot had slighted Sir Walter and had â€Å"shewn himself as unsolicitous of being longer noticed by the family†. The next time we meet Mr Elliot is in the last chapter of Book One, where Anne and the Musgroves are in Lyme with Captain Wentworth. This chapter is where Mr Elliot sees Anne for the first time and where he is first seen as a potential rival for Anne’s attention and affection, â€Å"Anne’s face caught his eye, and he looked at her with a degree of earnest admiration†. Wentworth in turn notices how Mr Elliot looks at Anne and even he can â€Å"see something like Anne Elliot again†. Mr Elliot paying attention to Anne shows that se is once again in â€Å"bloom†. In this chapter through Anne and the others in Lyme that Mr Elliot is in mourning, therefore his wife has only died relatively recently. When the ‘mystery gentleman’ is identified as Mr Elliot by the party in Lyme, we see that Austen highlights Mary’s class snobbery. We next see Mr Elliot in Chapter Three of Book Two, however the reaction to him is much more positive than it was in the first book. We see that despite his previous grievances against them Elizabeth and Sir Walter readily forgive Mr Elliot and are even happy to renew their acquaintance. In this chapter we see that the relationship between Mr Elliot and Anne improves and we see that he is clearly attracted to her. This is where the possibility of Mr Elliot standing as a rival against Wentworth for Anne’s affections becomes a reality. In the next chapter Austen uses Mr Elliot to show how fickle Lady Russell is. We see here that she feels that he could not be â€Å"a more agreeable or estimable man† and that â€Å"Everything united in him; good understanding, correct opinions, knowledge of the world, and a warm heart†. This directly contrast her feeling in Chapter Fourteen where she states that â€Å"he is a man whom [she has] no wish to see† and that he had â€Å"left a very strong impression in his disfavour† with her when he declined to be â€Å"on cordial terms with the head of his family†. Here we also see that Mr Elliot is not as class conscious as Sir Walter and Elizabeth but he is more class conscious than Anne. In the next chapters Mr Elliot becomes even more of an obstacle in Anne and Wentworth’s relationship. We see what Anne’s opinion of him is; she thinks that whilst â€Å"Mr Elliot is an exceedingly agreeable man† he was â€Å"too generally agreeable†. This shows how shrewd Anne is, compared with the rest of her family and her close friends. Austen uses Mr Elliot more in the second half of the novel in order to distract Anne’s attention away from Wentworth. This can be seen in Chapter Twenty during the concert held for the benefit of a person patronised by Lady Dalrymple. We see that Mr Elliot successfully monopolises a lot of Anne’s time, which in turn makes Wentworth jealous. Wentworth now knows that he is still in love with Anne due to the attention she is receiving from Mr Elliot, but again due to the obstacle Mr Elliot presents he can not make his feelings known to Anne. However after Mrs Smith unmasks Mr Elliot for Anne after the concert, we see him for who he truly is. Here Wentworth and Mr Elliot can be compared and you can clearly see who the better person is out of the two. Wentworth is everything that Mr Elliot is not, for example Wentworth is open and spontaneous whereas Mr Elliot is polished and conceals his emotions. Another example where the two can be compared is when Wentworth helps Mrs Smith when Mr Elliot deserted her in her time of need after the death of her husband. Here Austen clearly wants to show the differences between the two characters, and it highlights how Wentworth is from a lower class and has made his own fortune through hard work and how Mr Elliot stands to inherit his fortune whilst not even being half the man Wentworth is. In conclusion it could be said that Mr Elliot is of vital significance to the novel and that Austen uses him to further the plot, especially between Anne and Wentworth. He is used to show the characters and the readers that even though he is from the upper classes it does not mean that he is better than any one else. This brings up the theme of the changing ideal of the gentlemen in Persuasion. Austen also uses him throughout the novel in relation to the major themes, for example family as well as love. How to cite Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion, Papers

Outsourcing Business Functions in Australia-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantage and Disadvantage of Outsourcing Business Functions. Answer: Introduction Outsourcing business functions denotes subcontracting some non-primary business functions and activities to third part contractor or provider. Organizations mostly outsource some parts of their business like payroll, accounting, human resource, information technology, customer service and many more (Gerbl et al., 2015). While business process outsourcing (BPO) is related to any contractor outside of the country, it is known as offshore outsourcing. On the other hand, business process outsourcing, which is contracted with domestic party, is called nearshore outsourcing. Outsourcing business functions help organizations in freeing up some of their time and they can better focus on their core organizational functions within that time (Lacity Willcocks, 2014). However, outsourcing business function can cause security risk for an organization, as important organizational information needs to be shared with third party contractors. This literature review will primarily focus on the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business function99s. Moreover, the literature review will also focus on the trends of BPO in Australia. Apart from that, different models of outsourcing business functions will also be described in this literature review. Furthermore, some effective ways of outsourcing business functions will also be discussed in this literature review. Project Objective To explore the trends of outsourcing business functions in Australia To recognize the advantage of outsourcing business functions To assess the disadvantage of outsourcing business functions Project Scope The scope of the project is to identify the impact of outsourcing business functions on business performance. The scope of the literature review also extends its limit towards analyzing the trends of outsourcing business functions. The trends of outsourcing business functions will encourage the organizations towards more business process outsourcing for increased business flexibility. Apart from that, the literature review will also provide huge information regarding the advantage of outsourcing business functions. Furthermore, the information provided regarding the disadvantage of outsourcing business functions with help organization in taking preventive actions. Moreover, the information provided about the effective ways of business process outsourcing will encourage the organization towards operating perfect business process outsourcing. Literature Review Concept and impact of Outsourcing Business Functions Outsourcing business functions or business process outsourcing is defined as the subset of outsourcing, which involves contracting of specific organizational operations or activities to a third party provider. Moreover, this third party organization performs the outsourced jobs on behalf of the main organization. Therefore, it can save time for the main organization towards concentrating on their core organizational activities and enhance business effectiveness. Business process outsourcing can be categorized two categories namely back office outsourcing and front office outsourcing. According to Chou et al., (2015), back office outsourcing offers the organizational services like data management, data entry, payment processing, accounting service, survey and quality assurance. On the other hand, Liu and Deng, (2015) opined that front office outsourcing always deals with customer interactions. Moreover, front office outsourcing deals with the business functions like telemarketing, technical support, market research, inbound/outbound sales, customer support and others. Organizations can enhance the speed and efficiencies of their business process through sharing some of their organizational functions with third party provider. On the other hand, Rekik et al., (2015) opined that outsourcing is the practice used by several companies towards reducing their organizational cost through transferring some of their work to third party provider. Trends in Outsourcing Business Functions in Australia Organizations in Australia are joining the global rush of outsourcing. With the proliferation of the professionals doing freelancing and third party service providers, business process outsourcing is becoming more accessible to even small companies of Australia. Over the past few decades, outsourcing business functions has become an increasingly growing business trends. According to Lacity and Willcocks, (2013), the global market for BPO has been projected to reach US$262.2 billion by the year 2022. The availability of new generation technologies like process automation, cloud services, big data analytics has helped in effective operations of business process outsourcing. On the other hand, Tjader et al., (2014) opined that Australia has been considered as the largest market for business process outsourcing in the year 2016. The BPO of Australian organizations have been projected for $4.6-Billion. While considering the evidence from Telstra, it has been found that the organization ha s outsourced more than 500 jobs to Philippines. On the other hand, Luo et al., (2013) opined that NAB of Australia has decided to send more IT jobs in India. Figure 1: Business Process Outsourcing Trend (Source: Eshuis et al., 2015) From the above figure, it is evident that business process outsourcing is rapidly increasing in Australia as compared to other countries. Most of the manufacturing, accounting and telecommunication companies have started to outsource their non-core business functions to other third party companies for saving the organizational cost. Furthermore, the Australian organizations mostly outsource their business functions to Philippines, India and China. Advantage of Outsourcing Business Functions Cost Advantage Cost advantage is the most visible and obvious benefits associated with outsourcing of business functions to other third party provider. In outsourcing, organizations outsource a complete business function to the third party. Therefore, the organizations do not need to pay the employees for this particular business function in their own organization. It actually saves organization organizational cost. On the other hand, Gunasekaran et al., (2015) opined that organizations can outsource their business functions to such countries, where wage is quite lower than their own. In this way, low wage of the employees can actually save organizational cost. While considering the example of Telstra, it has been found that the organization has saved also 60% of their organizational cost through outsourcing their business functions to India and Philippines (Teo Bhattacherjee, 2014). Access to Skilled Resources Organizations mostly outsource their business functions to those vendors, who are actually specialized in their fields. According to Liu et al., (2015), the outsourcing vendors are mostly equipped with technical experts and specific equipments. Therefore, organizations can get best talented and specifically skilled employees for performing the specific business functions through outsourcing business functions. On the other hand, Schoenherr et al., (2015) opined that organizations no longer need to invest in recruitment and training service for the function, which they outsource to third party vendor. Moreover, the organizations can get wide pool of talented and skilled employees in outsourcing organization, which can reduce their recruitment cost. Increased Efficiency and Risk Sharing According to Maley et al., (2015), the third party vendors have wide pool of especially skilled employees for performing any specific task. Therefore, they can better control and perform the specific business functions outsourced to them by the main organization. In this way, the outsourcing business functions actually enhance organizational efficiency. On the other hand, Gorla and Somers, (2014) opined that the specialist vendors of the outsourcing companies can also reduce and share the organizational risks of the main organization. Save on Technology and Infrastructure Business process outsourcing saves the cost of the technology and infrastructure of organizations. According to Oshri et al., (2015), organizations need not purchase and adopt separate technological equipments for performing the specific function, which they outsource to other third party vendors. Outsourcing organizations are effectively equipped with specific technology, which eliminated the needs of main organizations to invest in technology and other infrastructure. Concentrate on Core Business Areas According to Han and Mithas, (2013), business process outsourcing actually frees up time and energies of the organizations and enables them to be more concentrated on their core business areas. In this way, they can invest more time and money to their research and development department for launching innovative product and service development. While considering the example of Westpac, the organization has outsourced its human resource functions to Genpact. Moreover, Genpact is committed to supply human resources to Westpac in their areas of learning and development. Time Zone Advantage Apart from getting cost advantage, the organizations can also get time zone advantage from outsourcing their business functions. According to Runar Edvardsson and Durst, (2014), organizations can get the benefit of time differential between their own country and the country in which they outsource their business functions. Moreover, the organizations can get their project done from the vendor organization even when they are closed for the day. Rekik et al., (2015) stated that the organizations can actually get the delivery of their project on exact time through outsourcing business functions. It can actually add to the value proposition of the organization. Faster and Better Service The expertise knowledge of the employees in the outsourcing organizations offers better business functions with high quality deliverables. As per Luo et al., (2013), the employees of the outsourcing organizations incorporate their special skills and knowledge in the business functions. Therefore, the organizations can always get delivery high quality business deliverables through outsourcing business process. Disadvantage of Outsourcing Business Functions Lack of Managerial Control According to Schoenherr et al., (2015), organizations face lack of managerial control on their outsourced business functions. With the outsourcing of business functions of an entire department, organizations also turn the managerial control to the outsourcing companies. Moreover, the managerial control of the business functions belongs to outsourcing companies. Oshri et al., (2015) pointed out that outsourcing companies are not driven by the same standards and mission of the main organization. Therefore, the products and service delivered by the outsourcing company may not meet the organizational standards of the main company Hidden Cost According to Han and Mithas, (2013), paying to the outsourcing companies seems to be additional cost of the organizations. Moreover, outsourcing companies cover the details of the business functions, which the main organizations sign during the contract. Anything not covered in the contract may cost additional charges to pay by the organizations. Furthermore, Tjader et al., (2014) opined that outsourcing business functions may also associated with legal expenses for the organizations, as they need to retain a lawyer for reviewing the contract to sign. Threats of Security and Confidentiality The life blood of the any organization is its important and secure information. In business process outsourcing, organizations need to share the information regarding payroll, medical records and other confidential information. There is a potentiality of the information to be misused by the outsourcing organization (Eshuis et al., 2015). Therefore, there is obviously the threat of the security and confidentiality associated with business process outsourcing. Quality Issue The outsourcing companies are mostly motivated by profit and the contract is only fixed by price. Therefore, the only way for the outsourcing companies to increase profit is to decrease the expenses. Moreover, the outsourcing organizations frequently charges extra pay for accommodating with any changes in the business requirements (Maley et al., 2015). In any case, the organization refuse to pay extra, the outsourcing organization reduce the quality of the business deliverables. Model of Outsourcing Business Functions There are five most widely used models for outsourcing business functions. According to Lacity and Willcocks, (2014), global delivery model, which is also known as blended outsourcing, combines resources such as onshore and offshore, onsite and offsite. This model helps in reducing labor costs by meeting predetermined values. Liu and Deng, (2015) highlighted that hybrid model or dual-shore model combines both onshore and offshore services where both outsourced team and clients communicate directly. Though such model workload is shared according to 4:1 (onshore: offshore). Furthermore, Eshuis et al., (2015) pointed out that offshore multisource model is the most appropriate for offshore operations. This is because through such hub and spoke model, multi-source suppliers are contacted simultaneously in real time basis. Other outsourcing vendors are also contacted simultaneously, however the business framework becomes more complicated and are more cost-effective, which is why it is more adopted by large scale manufacturing enterprises. Considering the viewpoint of Gunasekaran et al., (2015), Build Operate Transfer or BOT Model is used by clients who offshore operations through foreign subsidiary. The major advantage is that business operation ownership needs to be transferred to client enterprise after the period of operation and within the period entire cost of operation will be beard by offshore company. Finally, while considering the viewpoint of Gorla and Somers, (2014), it can be highlighted that Global Shared Services is the only model that is the combination of captive centers considering both onshore and offshore activities. With the help of specified budget, client company responsibilities are shared and run independently. Effective Ways of Outsourcing Business Functions Consider Relevant Provider Organizations should look at all the proficient outsource service providers in the market. Moreover, the organizations should evaluate all the outsourcing companies based on their business requirements. The outsourcing organizations should be evaluated based on their track record on their performance. In this way, organizations should select the best outsourcing companies, which can provide best quality service and even can adopt with the changing business requirements (Han Mithas, 2013). Understanding Business Objectives and Proper Documentation Organizations should make sure every part service level agreement is properly documented and nothing has left undocumented. Moreover, the paperwork should be comprehensive enough and delineate responsibility and accountability. Proper documentation is extremely useful for avoiding for avoiding the legal complications in the business functions outsourcing process. Tracking Performance Review Organizations should periodically review the performance of the outsourcing organization. Moreover, the organization should ensure that the outsourcing organizations are progressing with the business functions as per the organizational standard and mission. In case of any shortfall, the organizations should ensure that the shortfalls are rectified as soon as possible (Maley et al., 2015). It will ensure the quality of the service provided by the outsourcing companies. Regular Communication Organizations should maintain regular communication with the outsourcing service providers. Moreover, the organization should conduct regular conference calls with the service providers and raise the issues, clarification and explanation for the functions (Runar Edvardsson Durst, 2014). In this way, they should also check the progress of the functions. Gap of the Literature The above literature helped in understanding the advantages of outsourcing business functions however, the disadvantages were not completely explored by the authors. The reason might be due to the presence of various business models however none of the outsourcing models found to be exemplary for one particular business. It has been also evident that authors never provided any concrete recommendation for appropriate business outsourcing. There might be various advantages but the procedures for reducing challenges were never realistic. Therefore, in future finer advantages of business process outsourcing needs to be achieved and described through data collection using both primary and secondary approaches. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that outsourcing business functions allows the organizations in freeing up some time and energies. The organizations can use such freed up time and energies in concentrating on the core business functions for developing their brand value in the market. Outsourcing business functions actually saves the organizational cost and time though assigning some functions to other third party service provider. Moreover, organizations can also avail wide pool of expertise and talented employees for performing their business functions effectively. 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